Review Ultrasound

Prenatal Diagnostic Tests And Procedures > Maternal & Newborn

Exam Review

Ultrasound

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Total Questions : 6

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Question 1:

A nurse is educating a pregnant client about prenatal ultrasound.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the ultrasound procedure?

A. Ultrasound can only assess fetal growth and development. B. Ultrasound is typically performed during the first trimester of pregnancy. C. Transabdominal ultrasound involves inserting a transducer into the vagina. D. Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the fetus and its surroundings.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Ultrasound can assess more than just fetal growth and development. It can also check for pregnancy complications, such as ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, miscarriage, placenta previa, placental abruption, congenital abnormalities, and amniotic fluid levels.

Choice B:

Ultrasound is not typically performed during the first trimester of pregnancy. It is usually done between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy to screen for fetal anomalies. However, some providers may do an ultrasound earlier to confirm pregnancy, check the fetal heartbeat, determine the gestational age and due date, or diagnose an ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage.

Choice C:

Transabdominal ultrasound does not involve inserting a transducer into the vagina. Transabdominal ultrasound involves placing a transducer on the abdomen with gel to improve the transmission of sound waves.

Choice D:

Ultrasound uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the fetus and its surroundings. Ultrasound is a safe and painless test that can be done in any trimester of pregnancy.

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Question 2:

A nurse is preparing a client for a transvaginal ultrasound.

Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the client?

A. "Make sure to have a full bladder before the procedure.". B. "Wear loose-fitting clothing and lie on your side during the procedure.". C. "The sonographer will apply gel on your abdomen for sound transmission.". D. "The transducer covered with a condom and gel will be inserted into your vagina.".

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

A full bladder is not necessary for a transvaginal ultrasound, unlike an abdominal ultrasound.

Choice B:

The client does not need to wear loose-fitting clothing or lie on their side during the procedure. They will lie on their back with their knees bent and their feet in stirrups.

Choice C:

The gel will not be applied on the abdomen, but on the transducer that will be inserted into the vagina. Normal ranges for transvaginal ultrasound vary depending on the reason for the scan and the stage of pregnancy or menstrual cycle.

Choice D:

The transducer covered with a condom and gel will be inserted into your vagina. This is because a transvaginal ultrasound is an internal scan of the female reproductive organs that involves inserting a small ultrasound probe into the vagina to produce images of the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.

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Question 3:

A client is scheduled for a dating ultrasound.

When is this ultrasound typically performed?

A. Between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation. B. During the third trimester of pregnancy. C. Between 18 and 22 weeks of gestation. D. Between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

It is not the typical time for a dating ultrasound, but for a nuchal translucency screening, which assesses the risk of chromosomal abnormalities.

Choice B:

It is not the typical time for a dating ultrasound, but for a third trimester ultrasound, which checks the growth and position of the baby, the amount of amniotic fluid, and the placenta location.

Choice C:

It is not the typical time for a dating ultrasound, but for an anatomy scan, which examines the development of your baby’s organs and structures.

Choice D:

Between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation. A dating ultrasound is an ultrasound scan done between 8 and 14 weeks of pregnancy to help estimate your baby’s due date. It is the most accurate method to establish or confirm gestational age in the first trimester. It is based on the size of the embryo or fetus, which is measured from the top of the head (crown) to the bottom of the spine (rump) (CRL).

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Question 4:

A nurse is performing an ultrasound on a pregnant patient.

The patient asks the nurse what the purpose of the ultrasound is.

What is the best response by the nurse?

A. “The ultrasound can assess fetal growth, development, anatomy, position, movement, heart rate, and placental location.”. B. “The ultrasound can detect fetal anomalies such as neural tube defects, cardiac defects, cleft lip/palate, skeletal dysplasia.”. C. “The ultrasound can also detect multiple gestations, placenta previa, placental abruption, ectopic pregnancy.”. D. “The ultrasound can estimate gestational age, due date, fetal weight, and amniotic fluid volume.”.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The ultrasound can assess fetal growth, development, anatomy, position, movement, heart rate, and placental location. This is the best response by the nurse because it covers the most common and general purposes of an ultrasound in pregnancy.

Choice B:

The ultrasound can detect fetal anomalies such as neural tube defects, cardiac defects, cleft lip/palate, skeletal dysplasia, but this is not the only or primary purpose of the ultrasound. It is also not a reassuring answer for the patient who may be anxious about possible abnormalities.

Choice C:

The ultrasound can also detect multiple gestations, placenta previa, placental abruption, ectopic pregnancy, but these are not the main reasons for performing an ultrasound. They are also rare complications that may scare the patient unnecessarily.

Choice D:

The ultrasound can estimate gestational age, due date, fetal weight, and amniotic fluid volume, but these are not the only or most important aspects of the ultrasound. They are also not very accurate measurements and may vary depending on the type and timing of the ultrasound

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Question 5:

A nurse is performing an ultrasound on a pregnant patient.

The patient asks the nurse what type of ultrasound will be performed.

What is the best response by the nurse?

A. “Transabdominal ultrasound involves placing a transducer coated with gel on the pregnant person’s abdomen and moving it to obtain images of the fetus and its surroundings.”. B. “Transvaginal ultrasound involves inserting a transducer covered with a condom and gel into the pregnant person’s vagina and obtaining images of the fetus and its surroundings.”. C. “Both A and B are correct.”. D. “Neither A nor B are correct.”.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

it is incomplete. Transabdominal ultrasound is the most common type of ultrasound in pregnancy. It can provide a wide view of the fetus and its surroundings, but it may not be able to detect some abnormalities or complications in early pregnancy or in obese patients.

Choice B:

It is also incomplete. Transvaginal ultrasound is usually done in the first trimester of pregnancy or when there is a suspicion of ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, or placenta previa. It can provide a clearer and more detailed image of the fetus and its surroundings, but it may be uncomfortable or invasive for some patients.

Choice C:

Transabdominal ultrasound and transvaginal ultrasound are two types of ultrasound that can be performed on a pregnant patient. They have different advantages and disadvantages depending on the gestational age, the position of the fetus, and the anatomy of the pregnant person.

Choice D:

It contradicts both A and B. Both types of ultrasound are valid and accurate methods of assessing fetal development and well-being.

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Question 6:

A client is scheduled for an ultrasound in two weeks.

The client asks the nurse if there are any risks associated with having an ultrasound.

What is the best response by the nurse?

A. “Ultrasound has no known risks or complications for the pregnant person or the fetus.”. B. “Ultrasound can cause harm to both the pregnant person and fetus.”. C. “Ultrasound can cause harm to only the pregnant person.”. D. “Ultrasound can cause harm to only the fetus.”.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Ultrasound has no known risks or complications for the pregnant person or the fetus. This is based on a systematic review of the literature by the World Health Organization (WHO) that found no evidence of adverse maternal or perinatal outcomes, impaired physical or neurological development, increased risk for malignancy in childhood, subnormal intellectual performance or mental diseases associated with ultrasound in pregnancy.

Choice B:

Ultrasound does not cause harm to both the pregnant person and fetus. There is no scientific basis for this claim and it contradicts the findings of the WHO review.

Choice C:

Ultrasound does not cause harm to only the pregnant person. There is no scientific basis for this claim and it contradicts the findings of the WHO review.

Choice D:

Ultrasound does not cause harm to only the fetus. There is no scientific basis for this claim and it contradicts the findings of the WHO review.

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Total Questions : 6

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Ultrasound

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