Review Practice Exercise 1

Evolution Of Nursing And Nursing Education > Fundamentals

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Practice Exercise 1

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Total Questions : 3

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Question 1:

What historic event in the 20th century led to an increased emphasis on nursing and broadened the role of nurses?

A. Religious reform B. Crimean War C. World War II D. Vietnam War

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Religious reform: Religious reform movements influenced charity and early caregiving historically, but they are not the defining 20th-century catalyst that expanded professional nursing roles and training on a national/international scale.

Choice B:

Crimean War: The Crimean War (1850s) was crucial for Florence Nightingale’s work and helped modernize nursing in the 19th century, but it is not a 20th-century event.

Choice C:

World War II: WWII created massive demand for nurses in military and civilian settings, led to accelerated training programs (e.g., Cadet Nurse Corps in the U.S.), widened clinical responsibilities, increased visibility and professional recognition, and spurred innovations in trauma care.

Choice D:

Vietnam War: The Vietnam War (mid-20th century) influenced emergency and trauma nursing and highlighted the role of nurses in combat zones, but the larger, systemic expansion of nursing education, numbers, and roles across society occurred most dramatically during and immediately after World War II.

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Question 2:

Which nurse in history is credited with establishing nursing education?

A. Clara Barton B. Lillian Wald C. Lavinia Dock D. Florence Nightingale

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Clara Barton: Barton is best known for founding the American Red Cross and for her Civil War nursing and humanitarian work. She advanced disaster relief and public service.

Choice B:

Lillian Wald: Wald was a pioneering public-health nurse who founded the Henry Street Settlement and expanded community nursing and social reform. She influenced nursing practice and public health education, but she is not credited with founding formal nurse training.

Choice C:

Lavinia Dock: Dock was an influential nurse, author, and activist who worked to professionalize nursing and wrote textbooks and articles. She contributed to nursing education and organizations, but she did not establish the first training school.

Choice D:

Florence Nightingale: Nightingale established the first secular nursing school (the Nightingale School at St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, 1860) and set standards for nursing training, sanitation, record-keeping, and professional conduct.

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Question 3:

A nurse is studying the foundational principles of modern nursing. Which of the following are some of Florence Nightingale’s beliefs regarding nursing? Select all that apply

A. A holistic framework inclusive of illness and health B. The need for a theoretical basis for nursing practice C. The importance of creating an environment that promotes healing D. The need for fresh air and light E. The need to support the individual’s adaptation to stimuli F. The need to assist persons attain a higher degree of harmony

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

A holistic framework inclusive of illness and health: Florence Nightingale viewed nursing as caring for the whole person, not just treating illness. She believed in promoting wellness and preventing disease-principles aligned with holistic care.

Choice B:

The need for a theoretical basis for nursing practice: While Nightingale’s work became a foundation for future nursing theories, she did not formally advocate for a theoretical framework. Later theorists like Hildegard Peplau and Virginia Henderson developed structured nursing theories.

Choice C:

The importance of creating an environment that promotes healing: Central to Nightingale’s philosophy was the idea that a clean, well-ventilated, and quiet environment supports the body’s natural healing processes.

Choice D:

The need for fresh air and light: Nightingale strongly emphasized the value of fresh air, natural light, and cleanliness as essential elements in patient recovery.

Choice E:

The need to support the individual’s adaptation to stimuli: This reflects Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model, not Nightingale’s environmental theory. Nightingale didn’t frame nursing care in terms of adaptation to stimuli.

Choice F:

The need to assist persons attain a higher degree of harmony: This idea stems from Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring, which focuses on spiritual and emotional harmony. Nightingale emphasized physical environment and hygiene more than abstract harmony.

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Practice Exercise 1

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