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Type 1 diabetes always requires exogenous insulin therapy due to complete β-cell failure. Gestational diabetes may be managed with diet, exercise, or insulin depending on severity. The statement reverses the treatment reality. Insulin therapy is mandatory in type 1, not optional.

Type 1 diabetes is lifelong and does not resolve postpartum. Gestational diabetes typically resolves after delivery but increases risk for future type 2 diabetes. The statement incorrectly suggests type 1 is transient. Postpartum persistence applies to type 1, not gestational.

Vascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular disease are associated with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Gestational diabetes does not cause vascular damage unless poorly controlled or progresses to chronic diabetes. The statement misattributes vascular complications to gestational diabetes.

Obesity is a modifiable risk factor. Although it significantly increases insulin resistance and the risk of gestational diabetes, weight reduction before pregnancy can reduce this risk. Lifestyle interventions such as diet and exercise can alter this parameter.

A sedentary lifestyle contributes to insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. However, it is a modifiable factor. Increasing physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and lowers the risk of gestational diabetes. Behavioral changes can directly impact this risk.

Excessive gestational weight gain is a modifiable factor. It can be controlled through nutritional counseling and regular monitoring during prenatal visits. Excess weight gain increases insulin resistance but is influenced by maternal behavior and clinical guidance.

Age < 20 years is not associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes. Younger women typically have higher insulin sensitivity and lower metabolic stress. Although rare exceptions exist, this age group is not prioritized for early screening unless other risk factors are present.

Age < 35 years includes women under the threshold for increased risk. While some women in this group may develop gestational diabetes due to other factors, age alone is not sufficient to classify them as high risk. Clinical guidelines do not use this age as a screening trigger.

Age ≥ 40 years is a high-risk category, but it is not the general threshold used to define risk. While older maternal age increases insulin resistance and risk of glucose intolerance, the question asks for the age generally considered a risk factor, which is ≥ 35 years. This choice is too narrow and excludes the broader population at risk.