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LPN Pharmacology Herzing University

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Total Questions : 43

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Question 1:

A client has a medical prescription for nifedipine [Adalat XL]. Which of the following should the nurse teach the client about this medication?

A. "Swallow the medication whole and do not cut, crush, or chew the medication." B. "Take your blood pressure in the morning." C. "Use caution with over-the-counter (OTC) cold medications." D. "Take the medication before bedtime."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Nifedipine [Adalat XL] is a long-acting calcium channel blocker, and it should be swallowed whole to maintain its extended-release properties and ensure proper absorption.

Choice B:

Blood pressure should be monitored regularly, but taking it in the morning is not specifically related to nifedipine's use.

Choice C:

While caution with OTC medications is generally good advice, it is not specific to nifedipine.

Choice D:

The timing of the medication (morning vs. bedtime) is not typically specified unless otherwise directed by the healthcare provider.

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Question 2:

A client has been diagnosed with a life-threatening recurrent ventricular fibrillation that has not responded to other medications or defibrillation. Which of the following does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed next?

A. Quinidine B. Digoxin [Lanoxin] C. Atropine D. Amiodarone [Cordarone]

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Quinidine is used for other types of arrhythmias but is not typically the first choice for recurrent ventricular fibrillation that has not responded to other treatments.

Choice B:

Digoxin is used to manage heart failure and atrial fibrillation but is not effective for ventricular fibrillation.

Choice C:

Atropine is used for bradycardia, not ventricular fibrillation.

Choice D:

Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic agent used for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular fibrillation, particularly when other treatments have failed.

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Question 3:

Which of the following will the nurse include in teaching for a client taking ferrous sulfate [Feosol]?

A. "Dilute liquid preparations with juice or water and administer through a straw." B. "Take with dairy products." C. "Notify provider if stools are green or brown." D. "Avoid citrus juices."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Diluting liquid iron preparations with juice or water and using a straw can help prevent staining of the teeth and improve absorption.

Choice B:

Dairy products can inhibit iron absorption, so they should be avoided when taking iron supplements.

Choice C:

Green or black stools are a common side effect of iron supplements and do not typically require notifying the provider unless there are additional concerns.

Choice D:

Citrus juices, such as orange juice, can actually enhance iron absorption and are often recommended to be taken with iron supplements.

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Question 4:

The nurse is assessing a client on a telemetry unit when the client states, "My vision is blurry, and I have been seeing yellow/green halos everywhere I look." Which of the following would the nurse suspect?

A. Hyperglycemia event B. Captopril (Capoten) side effect C. Verapamil (Calan) side effect D. Digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Hyperglycemia typically does not cause blurry vision and yellow/green halos.

Choice B:

Captopril (Capoten) is an ACE inhibitor and is not associated with visual disturbances like halos.

Choice C:

Verapamil (Calan) is a calcium channel blocker and does not typically cause visual symptoms such as halos.

Choice D:

Digoxin (Lanoxin) toxicity can lead to visual disturbances, including blurry vision and seeing yellow/green halos, which are classic signs of toxicity.

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Question 5:

A client prescribed fluoxetine (Prozac) returns to the clinic one week after beginning therapy and states, "This drug is not working, I am still very sad." Which of the following would be the nurse's best response?

A. "We need to add another drug with this one to help." B. "This drug could take 1-3 weeks to begin working." C. "Let me call the provider to switch to a different antidepressant." D. "This drug could take 4-6 weeks to begin working."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Adding another drug is premature; fluoxetine may need more time to show effects.

Choice B:

While some antidepressants may show effects in 1-3 weeks, fluoxetine typically requires a full 4-6 weeks to demonstrate its therapeutic effects.

Choice C:

Switching to another antidepressant after only one week may be premature; fluoxetine often takes longer to be effective.

Choice D:

Antidepressants like fluoxetine generally take 4-6 weeks to show significant effects, so patience is necessary for the medication to reach its full potential.

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Question 6:

A client is admitted to a hospital for treatment for first-time acute symptoms of mania. The nurse anticipates the provider will prescribe which of the following medications?

A. Lithium [Lithobid] B. Diazepam [Valium] C. Bupropion [Wellbutrin] D. Paroxetine [Paxil]

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Lithium is a mood stabilizer commonly used to treat acute mania and stabilize mood in bipolar disorder.

Choice B:

Diazepam (Valium) is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety, not for acute mania.

Choice C:

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is an antidepressant that is not typically used for treating mania.

Choice D:

Paroxetine (Paxil) is an antidepressant, and while it may be used for depression, it is not indicated for treating acute mania.

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Question 7:

The clinic nurse is teaching a community class about Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs). Which of the following should be included in the teaching?

A. Hypertension is a side effect of both types of drugs. B. ACE inhibitors treat heart failure, but ARBs do not. C. WBC and potassium are unaffected by both ARBs and ACE inhibitors. D. ARBs and ACE inhibitors are contraindicated during pregnancy.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Hypertension is not a side effect but a condition that these medications are used to treat. ACE inhibitors and ARBs are primarily used to manage hypertension.

Choice B:

Both ACE inhibitors and ARBs are used to treat heart failure, not just ACE inhibitors.

Choice C:

Both ARBs and ACE inhibitors can affect potassium levels, and ACE inhibitors can impact white blood cell counts. Monitoring is required.

Choice D:

Both ARBs and ACE inhibitors are contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus, such as renal damage and other complications.

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Question 8:

A client is admitted to a hospital for treatment for first-time acute symptoms of mania. The nurse anticipates the provider will prescribe which of the following medications?

A. Lithium [Lithobid] B. Diazepam [Valium] C. Bupropion [Wellbutrin] D. Paroxetine [Paxil]

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Lithium is a mood stabilizer specifically used to treat acute mania and stabilize mood in bipolar disorder.

Choice B:

Diazepam (Valium) is used for anxiety management, not for treating acute mania.

Choice C:

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is an antidepressant that is not typically used for treating acute mania.

Choice D:

Paroxetine (Paxil) is an antidepressant used for depression and is not indicated for treating acute mania.

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Question 9:

The nurse is preparing to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) 750 mcg PO daily. Available: See label below. How many pills should the nurse administer? Do not round your answer. Enter numeric answer only.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer: "3" tablets

Explanation

Convert micrograms to milligrams:
- 750 mcg = 0.75 mg
Calculate the number of pills:
- 0.75 mg / 0.25 mg/tablet = 3 tablets

Therefore, the nurse should administer 3 tablets of digoxin.

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Question 10:

Which of the following is the federal statute that regulates drugs and medications in Schedules I through V?

A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) B. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) C. Controlled Substances Act (CSA) D. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The CDC is involved in public health and disease control but does not regulate controlled substances.

Choice B:

HIPAA pertains to the privacy and security of health information, not drug regulation.

Choice C:

The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) regulates the scheduling and control of substances that have the potential for abuse and dependency, including drugs in Schedules I through V.

Choice D:

The FDA oversees the approval and regulation of medications but does not regulate controlled substances specifically by scheduling.

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Total Questions : 43

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LPN Pharmacology Herzing University

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