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Basic Concepts of Pathophysiology > Pathophysiology

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Total Questions : 5

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Question 1:

A nurse is reviewing the concepts of pathophysiology and pathophysiology nursing with a group of nursing students. Which of the following statements by a student indicates a need for further teaching?

A. "Pathophysiology is the study of how normal physiological processes are altered by disease or injury." B. "Pathophysiology nursing is a branch of nursing that applies the knowledge of pathophysiology to the care of patients with health problems." C. "Pathophysiology nursing involves understanding the causes, mechanisms, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, outcomes, and interventions of various health conditions." D. "Pathophysiology nursing does not require an understanding of the normal structure and function of the human body."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This is a correct definition of pathophysiology and does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice B:

This is a correct definition of pathophysiology nursing and does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice C:

This is a correct description of what pathophysiology nursing involves and does not indicate a need for further teaching.

Choice D:

This is an incorrect statement that contradicts the text and indicates a need for further teaching.

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Question 2:

A nurse is assessing a client who has diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease that affects the metabolism of glucose in the body. Which of the following are risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply.)

A. Family history of diabetes B. Obesity C. Smoking D. Hypertension E. Physical inactivity

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This is a correct answer because family history of diabetes is a genetic risk factor that can increase the likelihood of inheriting defects in insulin production or action.

Choice B:

This is a correct answer because obesity is a modifiable risk factor that can cause insulin resistance, a condition in which cells do not respond properly to insulin and glucose accumulates in the blood.

Choice C:

This is an incorrect answer because smoking is not a risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus, although it can worsen its complications such as cardiovascular disease and kidney disease.

Choice D:

This is an incorrect answer because hypertension is not a risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus, although it can be associated with it and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Choice E:

This is a correct answer because physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor that can reduce insulin sensitivity and glucose utilization by muscles, leading to hyperglycemia.

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Question 3:

A nurse is planning to teach a client who has asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes bronchoconstriction, mucus production, and coughing. Which of the following statements by the nurse is appropriate for explaining the pathogenesis of asthma to the client?

A. "Asthma is caused by an overreaction of your immune system to certain triggers, such as allergens, infections, or irritants." B. "Asthma is caused by a narrowing of your blood vessels that reduces the oxygen supply to your lungs and tissues." C. "Asthma is caused by a buildup of fluid in your lungs that prevents the exchange of gases between the air and your blood." D. "Asthma is caused by a mutation in your genes that makes your airways more sensitive and prone to inflammation."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This is a correct answer because it accurately describes the pathogenesis of asthma and its triggers. Asthma is caused by an overreaction of the immune system to certain triggers, such as allergens, infections, or irritants, that leads to inflammation, bronchoconstriction, mucus production, and coughing.

Choice B:

This is an incorrect answer because it confuses asthma with another condition called pulmonary hypertension, which is characterized by high blood pressure in the lungs and reduced oxygen supply.

Choice C:

This is an incorrect answer because it confuses asthma with another condition called pulmonary edema, which is characterized by fluid accumulation in the lungs and impaired gas exchange.

Choice D:

This is an incorrect answer because it confuses asthma with another condition called cystic fibrosis, which is a genetic disorder that affects the mucus glands and causes thick and sticky mucus in the lungs and other organs.

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Question 4:

A nurse is evaluating the clinical manifestations of a client who has pneumonia, an infection of the lung parenchyma that causes inflammation, consolidation, and impaired gas exchange. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a possible complication of pneumonia?

A. "I have been feeling very tired and weak lately." B. "I have been coughing up yellow-green sputum with some blood." C. "I have been having chest pain that worsens when I breathe deeply." D. "I have been having trouble breathing and my lips are turning blue."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This is an incorrect answer because feeling tired and weak are common symptoms of pneumonia, but not indicative of a complication.

Choice B:

This is an incorrect answer because coughing up yellow-green sputum with some blood is a common sign of pneumonia, but not indicative of a complication.

Choice C:

This is an incorrect answer because having chest pain that worsens with deep breathing is a common sign of pleurisy (inflammation of the lining of the lungs), which is often associated with pneumonia, but not indicative of a complication.

Choice D:

This is a correct answer because having trouble breathing and cyanosis are signs of hypoxemia, which is a possible complication of pneumonia that can lead to respiratory failure and death.

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Question 5:

A nurse is preparing to administer an intravenous antibiotic to a client who has sepsis, a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body's response to infection causes widespread inflammation, organ dysfunction, and tissue damage. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform before administering the antibiotic?

A. Obtain a blood culture from the client B. Check the client's vital signs and oxygen saturation C. Assess the client's level of consciousness and orientation D. Flush the client's intravenous line with normal saline

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This is a correct answer because obtaining a blood culture from the client before administering the antibiotic can help identify the causative microorganism and its sensitivity to different antibiotics, which can guide the selection of the most appropriate antibiotic therapy.

Choice B:

This is an incorrect answer because checking the client's vital signs and oxygen saturation is an ongoing intervention that should be performed throughout the course of treatment, but not necessarily before administering the antibiotic.

Choice C:

This is an incorrect answer because assessing the client's level of consciousness and orientation is an ongoing intervention that should be performed throughout the course of treatment, but not necessarily before administering the antibiotic.

Choice D:

This is an incorrect answer because flushing the client's intravenous line with normal saline is an intervention that should be performed after administering the antibiotic, not before, to ensure that no residual antibiotic remains in the line.

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