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HESI Exit Exam A

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Total Questions : 117

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Question 1:

The nurse is educating a patient who was admitted with a blood glucose level of 580 mg/dL on how to prevent complications related to diabetes mellitus.
Which statement, if made by the patient, would indicate that they have understood the teaching?

Answer and Explanation

A
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Question 2:

The nurse identifies several nursing problems for an older adult client with gastroenteritis who is experiencing fever, chills, anorexia, and diarrhea.
The client has a history of a stroke with left-sided hemiplegia and is dependent on care provided by the spouse. Which problem should the nurse determine has the highest priority?

Answer and Explanation

A
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Question 3:

A client with a history of adrenal insufficiency is admitted to the intensive care unit with an acute adrenal crisis. The client is complaining of nausea and joint pain.
Vital signs are: temperature 102° F (38.9° C), heart rate 138 beats/minute, blood pressure 80/60 mm Hg. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?

Answer and Explanation

A
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Question 4:

The nurse is caring for a client with heart failure.
Which of these prescribed medications places the client at risk for cardiogenic shock?

Answer and Explanation

A
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Question 5:

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with acute gastritis caused by drinking contaminated water. The nurse should emphasize the need to report the onset of which problem?

Answer and Explanation

A
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Question 6:

A 10-year-old child with pneumonia is receiving oxygen at 5 L/minute via a nasal cannula.
When planning care for this child, what principle of oxygen administration should the nurse keep in mind?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 7:

While conducting an admission assessment of a female client with bipolar disorder, the client suddenly starts to undress and throw her clothes around the room.
What should be the nurse’s initial action?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 8:

A client with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is receiving an IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride and insulin.
Two hours later, the client’s serum laboratory results show a decrease in the serum blood glucose from 580 to 430 mg/dL (32.2 to 23.86 mmol/L). What additional laboratory result is most important for the nurse to monitor?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 9:

A client is experiencing severe agitation and tremors due to withdrawal from the benzodiazepine alprazolam. What is the best initial nursing action?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 10:

A client weighing 198 lbs is prescribed Dopamine hydrochloride IV at 2 mcg/kg/minute to promote renal perfusion.

The pharmacy provides a pre-mixed bag of dopamine containing 400 mg in 250 mL dextrose 5% in water (D5W). An IV pump that provides a precision infusion rate to a tenth of a mL is available.

How many mL/hour should the IV pump be set to deliver? (Enter numeric value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.)

Answer and Explanation
Correct Answer: "6.8" mL/hour

Explanation

Step 1: Convert the client’s weight from lbs to kg. 1 kg is approximately 2.2 lbs. So, 198 lbs ÷

2.2 = 90 kg (rounded to the nearest whole number).

Step 2: Calculate the total mcg of Dopamine needed per minute. The prescription is for 2 mcg/kg/minute. So, 90 kg × 2 mcg/kg/minute = 180 mcg/minute.

Step 3: Convert the total mcg of Dopamine in the bag to mcg/mL. The bag contains 400 mg of Dopamine in 250 mL. 1 mg is equal to 1000 mcg. So, 400 mg × 1000 = 400,000 mcg. Therefore, the concentration is 400,000 mcg ÷ 250 mL = 1600 mcg/mL.

Step 4: Calculate the mL of Dopamine needed per minute. So, 180 mcg/minute ÷ 1600 mcg/mL

= 0.1125 mL/minute.

Step 5: Convert mL/minute to mL/hour. There are 60 minutes in an hour. So, 0.1125 mL/minute × 60 = 6.75 mL/hour. The IV pump should be set to deliver 6.8 mL/hour (rounded to the nearest tenth).


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Question 11:

A client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the left leg is on a heparin protocol.
Which intervention is most important for the nurse to include in this client’s plan of care?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 12:

A client who weighs 176 pounds is prescribed enoxaparin sodium 1.5 mg/kg/day subcutaneously. The medication is available in a 120 mg/0.8 mL prefilled syringe.

How many mL should the nurse administer? (Enter numerical value only.)

Answer and Explanation
Correct Answer: "0.8" mL

Explanation

Step 1: Convert the client’s weight from pounds to kg. 1 kg is approximately 2.2 lbs. So, 176 lbs

÷ 2.2 = 80 kg (rounded to the nearest whole number).

Step 2: Calculate the total mg of enoxaparin sodium needed per day. The prescription is for 1.5 mg/kg/day. So, 80 kg × 1.5 mg/kg/day = 120 mg/day.

Step 3: Calculate the mL of enoxaparin sodium needed. The medication is available in a 120 mg/0.8 mL prefilled syringe. So, 120 mg ÷ 120 mg/0.8 mL = 0.8 mL. The nurse should administer 0.8 mL.


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Question 13:

A client who is hypotensive is receiving dopamine, an adrenergic agonist, intravenously (IV) at the rate of 8 mg/kg/min.
Which intervention should the nurse implement while administering this medication?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 14:

In the context of caring for a client diagnosed with psoriasis, which action by the nurse would address the client’s psychosocial need for acceptance?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 15:

A child with an Escherichia coli urinary tract infection is receiving a secondary infusion of gentamicin 60 mg every 8 hours IV, which is to be infused over 30 minutes.

The medication is delivered by the pharmacy diluted in a 50 ml bag of saline.

What should be the infusion pump’s regulation in mL/hour? (Provide the numeric value only.)

Answer and Explanation
Correct Answer: "100" mL/hour

Explanation

Step 1: The child is receiving gentamicin 60 mg every 8 hours IV, which is to be infused over 30 minutes. The medication is delivered by the pharmacy diluted in a 50 ml bag of saline.

Step 2: We need to find the infusion pump’s regulation in mL/hour.

Step 3: Since the medication is to be infused over 30 minutes, we convert this to hours by dividing by 60. So, 30 minutes is 0.5 hours.

Step 4: The rate of infusion is then the total volume (50 mL) divided by the time in hours (0.5 hours).

Step 5: So, the infusion pump’s regulation is (50 mL ÷ 0.5 hours) = 100 mL/hour.


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Question 16:

When formulating a nursing care plan for a client diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease, which nursing problem should be given the highest priority?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 17:

A 35-year-old woman, who works as a legal secretary, visits the outpatient clinic for an assessment of consistent pain in her hands.

She reports that the pain is identical in both hands and wrists but is worse upon waking. The pain and stiffness have persisted for the past 3 months.

She believes she has arthritis because her mother and grandmother both have arthritis.

Based on the data provided, determine the most likely condition the client is experiencing, two actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and two parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client’s progress.

Answer and Explanation

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Question 18:

A patient with pancreatic cancer develops ascites, and 2 liters of fluid are removed via paracentesis. What schedule should the nurse follow to monitor the patient’s blood pressure after this procedure?

Answer and Explanation

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Question 19:

The nurse is educating a first-time pregnant woman about preeclampsia.
Which symptoms are indicators of preeclampsia and should be reported to the healthcare provider? Select all that apply.

Answer and Explanation

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Question 20:

An older adult patient arrives at the clinic reporting decreased strength in knees and handgrips. What action should the nurse include in a functional assessment of this patient?

Answer and Explanation

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