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Serum sodium 140 mEq/L is a normal value and does not indicate an increase in osmolality. Osmolality is the concentration of dissolved particles in a fluid. Sodium is one of the main electrolytes that affect osmolality, but a normal sodium level does not necessarily mean a normal osmolality.

Serum potassium 4.0 mEq/L is also a normal value and does not indicate an increase in osmolality. Potassium is another electrolyte that affects osmolality, but it has a smaller effect than sodium. A normal potassium level does not necessarily mean a normal osmolality.

Serum glucose 90 mg/dL is also a normal value and does not indicate an increase in osmolality. Glucose is another substance that affects osmolality, but it has a smaller effect than electrolytes. A normal glucose level does not necessarily mean a normal osmolality.

Sodium causes water to move out of your cells and into your urine. This is incorrect because sodium does not cause water to move out of the cells and into the urine. In fact, sodium can cause water retention by stimulating the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which reduces urine output and increases blood volume.

Sodium stimulates your kidneys to retain water and decrease urine output. This is incorrect because sodium does not directly stimulate the kidneys to retain water and decrease urine output. However, sodium can indirectly affect the kidney function by increasing the blood volume and pressure, which can damage the kidney cells and impair their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the body.

Sodium interferes with the action of your heart medications. This is incorrect because sodium does not interfere with the action of your heart medications. However, some heart medications, such as diuretics, can cause sodium loss in the urine, which can lead to low blood sodium levels (hyponatremia) This can cause symptoms such as confusion, weakness, nausea, and muscle cramps. Therefore, it is important to monitor your sodium intake and blood levels while taking heart medications.

A hypertonic solution is one that has a higher concentration of solutes than the blood plasma. Administering a hypertonic solution to a client who has hypovolemia would cause water to move out of the cells and into the blood vessels, resulting in cellular dehydration and increased blood pressure. This could worsen the client's condition and cause complications such as cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, or heart failure.

A hypotonic solution is one that has a lower concentration of solutes than the blood plasma. Administering a hypotonic solution to a client who has hypovolemia would cause water to move from the blood vessels into the cells, resulting in cellular swelling and decreased blood pressure. This could also worsen the client's condition and cause complications such as fluid overload, hyponatremia, or hemolysis.

A colloid solution is one that contains large molecules that do not cross the capillary membrane. Administering a colloid solution to a client who has hypovolemia would increase the oncotic pressure of the blood and draw water from the interstitial space into the blood vessels. This could also improve the client's condition and prevent complications such as shock, acidosis, or organ failure. Examples of colloid solutions are albumin, dextran, and hetastarch.

Increased hematocrit is not a finding of fluid overload, but rather of dehydration. Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood volume. When the blood volume decreases due to fluid loss, the hematocrit increases.

Decreased heart rate is not a finding of fluid overload, but rather of fluid deficit. When the blood volume increases due to fluid retention, the heart rate increases to maintain cardiac output.

Sunken eyeballs are not a finding of fluid overload, but rather of dehydration. Sunken eyeballs are caused by loss of subcutaneous fat and tissue turgor due to fluid loss. Some additional sentences are.