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Decreased urine output is a sign of renal failure or dehydration, not fluid overload.

Crackles in the lungs are a sign of pulmonary edema, which is a common complication of fluid overload due to heart failure. The excess fluid in the alveoli causes crackling sounds when the client breathes.

Hypotension is a sign of hypovolemia or shock, not fluid overload. Fluid overload usually causes hypertension due to increased blood volume and cardiac workload.

Aspirin or other salicylates can cause metabolic acidosis, not respiratory alkalosis, by increasing the production of organic acids and interfering with bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidneys.

Drinking more fluids to prevent dehydration can help prevent or treat metabolic alkalosis, not respiratory alkalosis, by increasing the renal excretion of bicarbonate and lowering the pH. Dehydration can cause metabolic alkalosis by decreasing the renal excretion of bicarbonate and raising the pH.

Monitoring blood sugar levels regularly can help prevent or treat diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a type of metabolic acidosis, not respiratory alkalosis, by increasing the production of ketone bodies and lowering the pH. Diabetic ketoacidosis can occur when there is insufficient insulin to metabolize glucose and the body resorts to fat breakdown for energy.

Kussmaul respirations are not a compensatory mechanism to increase oxygen intake, but rather to decrease carbon dioxide levels in the blood. Oxygen intake is not affected by Kussmaul respirations, which are characterized by deep and rapid breaths.

Kussmaul respirations are not a sign of respiratory failure and impending coma, but rather a sign of metabolic acidosis and an attempt to correct it. Respiratory failure and coma can occur in DKA if the condition is not treated promptly and effectively, but they are not indicated by Kussmaul respirations alone.

Kussmaul respirations are not an attempt to lower blood pressure by exhaling more air, but rather an attempt to lower blood acidity by exhaling more carbon dioxide. Blood pressure is not affected by Kussmaul respirations, which are caused by increased acidity in the blood due to the accumulation of ketone bodies from fat breakdown.

Administering calcium gluconate IV as prescribed is an intervention that the nurse should include in the plan for a client who has hypocalcemia. Calcium gluconate is a calcium supplement that can increase the serum calcium levels and treat hypocalcemia. It should be given slowly and carefully to avoid extravasation and tissue necrosis.

Monitoring for Chvostek's sign and Trousseau's sign is an intervention that the nurse should include in the plan for a client who has hypocalcemia. Chvostek's sign is a facial twitching that occurs when the facial nerve is tapped near the ear. Trousseau's sign is a carpal spasm that occurs when a blood pressure cuff is inflated above the systolic pressure for several minutes. Both signs indicate increased neuromuscular excitability due to low calcium levels.

Encouraging intake of foods high in calcium and vitamin D is an intervention that the nurse should include in the plan for a client who has hypocalcemia. Calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients for bone health and calcium metabolism. Foods high in calcium include dairy products, green leafy vegetables, tofu, sardines, and fortified cereals. Foods high in vitamin D include fatty fish, egg yolks, cheese, and fortified milk.