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This is an abnormal finding, as a normal respiratory rate for an adult is 12 to 20 breaths per minute. A respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute indicates tachypnea, which may be a sign of respiratory distress or hypoxemia in a client with COPD.

This is an abnormal finding, as a normal chest shape is elliptical, with a transverse diameter that is twice the anteroposterior diameter. A barrel-shaped chest, where the chest appears rounded and enlarged, is a result of chronic hyperinflation of the lungs due to COPD. It is not an expected outcome of the client's plan of care.

This is an abnormal finding, as normal fingernails have a 160-degree angle between the nail and the nail bed. Clubbing of the fingers, where the angle increases to 180 degrees or more and the nail bed becomes soft and spongy, is a sign of chronic hypoxia due to COPD or other lung diseases. It is not an expected outcome of the client's plan of care.

This is an incorrect statement, as this describes a random blood glucose test, which measures the blood glucose level at any time of the day, regardless of when the last meal was eaten.

This is an incorrect statement, as this describes a fasting blood glucose test, which measures the blood glucose level after not eating or drinking anything except water for at least eight hours.

This is an incorrect statement, as this describes a postprandial blood glucose test, which measures the blood glucose level one to two hours after eating a meal.

This is a question that assesses pain interference, which is how pain affects the client's physical, psychological, and social functioning. It does not directly measure pain intensity.

This is a question that assesses pain quality, which is how the client perceives and expresses their pain sensation. It does not directly measure pain intensity.

This is a question that assesses pain etiology, which is the underlying cause or source of the pain. It does not directly measure pain intensity.

This is a correct statement, as folic acid supplements can help reduce the side effects of methotrexate, such as nausea, mouth ulcers, and hair loss.

This is a correct statement, as methotrexate can impair the immune system and increase the risk of infection, so the client should report any signs of infection, such as fever, sore throat, or cough, to their doctor.

This is a correct statement, as methotrexate can affect the liver and kidney function, so the client should have regular blood tests to monitor these parameters.