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Complete a vaginal exam. Performing a vaginal exam is contraindicated in cases of suspected placenta previa because it could lead to placental disruption and severe bleeding. The cervix should not be manipulated when placenta previa is suspected.

Perform a rectal exam. A rectal exam is not indicated for placenta previa and offers no benefit in this context. This action could also increase discomfort and possibly exacerbate bleeding.

Apply ice to the perineal area. Ice to the perineal area is not relevant for placenta previa. Ice is typically used for perineal trauma or swelling, which is not related to this condition.

"Obtain an immunization against rubella early in pregnancy." Rubella vaccine (part of MMR) is a live virus vaccine and is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the risk of harm to the fetus. Rubella vaccination should be administered before conception or postpartum.

"Seek prophylactic treatment if cytomegalovirus is detected during pregnancy." Currently, there is no prophylactic treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy. Prevention focuses on hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, especially after handling bodily fluids, to reduce the risk of transmission.

"A client should avoid crowded places during pregnancy." While avoiding crowded places may reduce exposure to certain infections, it is not a specific strategy for preventing TORCH infections. Other preventative measures, like avoiding raw meat and practicing good hygiene, are more effective.

Prior to giving birth: The rubella vaccine is not recommended before delivery but after delivery and before hospital discharge to protect future pregnancies.

When she does not desire future pregnancies: Even if a woman desires no future pregnancies, it's still recommended to provide immunity against rubella to avoid complications related to the virus.

Two weeks before attempting pregnancy again: After receiving the MMR vaccine, a woman should wait at least one month (not two weeks) before attempting to become pregnant due to the live virus in the vaccine.

5: Parity refers to the number of pregnancies that have reached viability (around 20 weeks). The elective abortion and spontaneous abortion were before viability, so they do not count towards parity.

3: This number is incorrect based on the client's reproductive history because only viable pregnancies should count toward parity, not each pregnancy event.

4: This number does not align with the medical history. The client's two abortions occurred before 20 weeks, so they should not contribute to parity.

"Initiate depot medroxyprogesterone 14 days after the client's first day of her menstrual cycle." Depot medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera) is usually initiated within the first 5 days of a client’s menstrual cycle to ensure the client is not pregnant. Initiating it 14 days after may not provide immediate contraceptive coverage.

"Administer depot medroxyprogesterone every 6 to 8 weeks." Depot medroxyprogesterone is administered every 12 weeks (3 months), not every 6 to 8 weeks, to maintain contraceptive efficacy.

"Massage the site after you administer the medication." Massaging the injection site is not recommended as it could lead to the faster absorption of the medication, which may reduce its duration of effectiveness.

G1, T0, P0, A0, L1: Maria is in her second pregnancy, not her first, so the G (Gravida) should be 2.

G2, T0, P1, A0, L1: Maria delivered her child at term (39 weeks), not preterm, so "P" (preterm births) should be 0, and "T" (term births) should be 1.

G3, T0, P0, A0, L0: Maria is only in her second pregnancy, so "G" should be 2, and she has one living child, so "L" should be 1.

Maternal battering: While trauma, such as maternal battering, can lead to placental abruption, it is not the most common risk factor. It is, however, a significant risk in cases of physical trauma.

Maternal cigarette smoking: Cigarette smoking can increase the risk of placental abruption but is not as significant as hypertension.

Maternal cocaine use: Cocaine use is a known risk factor for placental abruption, but maternal hypertension remains the most common and significant risk factor.

Replace the device once per year. The diaphragm should be replaced every 2 years, not every year, unless it becomes damaged or the client's body changes significantly.

Replace the device every 3 years. The diaphragm is generally replaced every 2 years, not 3 years.

Replace the device after a urinary tract infection. There is no need to replace a diaphragm after a UTI unless it is damaged or no longer fits properly. UTIs are a common side effect of diaphragm use due to its impact on the urethra.

This test will screen for ABO incompatibility. ABO incompatibility is detected through blood tests, not MSAFP. MSAFP screens for structural abnormalities, not blood group incompatibilities.

This test will screen for fetal maturity. MSAFP is not a test for fetal lung maturity. Tests for fetal lung maturity, such as the lecithin-sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, are typically done later in pregnancy.

This test will screen for gestational diabetes. MSAFP is unrelated to gestational diabetes, which is diagnosed with a glucose tolerance test, not MSAFP.

Chloasma: Chloasma refers to the darkened patches of skin that can appear on the face during pregnancy, also known as the "mask of pregnancy."

Lightening: Lightening refers to the descent of the fetus into the pelvis in preparation for birth, which usually occurs in the third trimester, not at 18 weeks of gestation.

Ballottement: Ballottement is a technique used during a pelvic examination where the examiner taps on the cervix and feels the fetus bounce back. It is a clinical sign rather than something the mother feels.