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Frequency and duration of contractions: Heavy bleeding without contractions is not typically caused by labor. This option is irrelevant to the client’s current condition.

Fetal lung maturity: While fetal lung maturity is essential, it is unrelated to the client's heavy vaginal bleeding.

Rh incompatibility: This condition does not present with sudden, heavy vaginal bleeding in the third trimester.

Gender of the fetus: While amniocentesis can identify fetal gender, this is not a priority in preterm labor.

Weeks of gestation: Gestational age is typically determined by last menstrual period or ultrasound, not amniocentesis.

Anatomic abnormalities: Amniocentesis detects abnormalities earlier in pregnancy, not during preterm labor.

Maternal fever: Fever is associated with fetal tachycardia, not variable decelerations.

Fetal head compression: This causes early decelerations, not variable decelerations.

Polyhydramnios: Excess amniotic fluid can cause complications but does not directly cause variable decelerations.

Maternal hypertension: Epidurals are more likely to cause hypotension, not hypertension.

Delay rupture of membranes: Epidural anesthesia has no direct effect on the timing of membrane rupture.

Fetal depression: Modern epidurals rarely cause fetal depression when used appropriately.

Amniotic fluid in the vaginal vault: While the presence of amniotic fluid indicates rupture of membranes, it does not confirm labor.

Pain just above the navel: Labor pain typically begins in the lower abdomen or back, not above the navel.

Contractions every 3 to 4 min: Frequent contractions suggest labor but do not confirm it.

The nurse will initiate any prior to this test: Nurses do not initiate this test; it is ordered by a provider and performed using ultrasound and sometimes non-stress tests.

The client will need to be NPO prior to the test: There are no dietary restrictions for a BPP.

This test determines the estimated date of birth: BPP is not used to estimate gestational age or determine an EDB. It assesses fetal well-being.

Caput succedaneum: This swelling crosses suture lines and involves edema caused by birth trauma.

Molding: This refers to the shaping of the fetal head to pass through the birth canal and does not involve swelling.

Nevus flammeus: This is a flat, red birthmark (port-wine stain) and is unrelated to swelling or trauma.

Help the client to the bathroom to empty the bladder: It is unsafe to ambulate a client in active labor who feels the urge to push; crowning must first be ruled out.

Assist the client to a comfortable position: Comfort is important, but immediate assessment for crowning takes priority to prepare for delivery.

Assess the perineum for signs of crowning: While this is an important assessment, the immediate action to take when the client feels the urge to push is to instruct her to pant to prevent premature pushing.

Contraction resting period 35 seconds: A resting period of 35 seconds is within normal limits and allows uterine relaxation.

Four contractions in a 10-min period: This contraction frequency is normal for active labor.

Contraction lasting 85 seconds: A contraction duration of up to 90 seconds is typical in active labor, though the nurse should monitor for patterns of tachysystole.

The client will receive an ultrasound prior to the test: An ultrasound is not part of the standard procedure for an NST.

An IV will be initiated prior to the test: An IV is unnecessary; the test is noninvasive.

The client will be asked to stimulate her nipples for 5 min during the test: Nipple stimulation is part of a contraction stress test, not an NST.