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At 8 weeks, the embryo is transitioning into the fetal stage of development and is not viable outside the womb. Organs are still in the early stages of formation.

While some sources may consider 24 weeks the age of "reasonable viability" with intensive medical support, many medical guidelines recognize viability beginning as early as 20 weeks under optimal conditions.

At 14 weeks, the fetus is in the second trimester, but it is far too underdeveloped for survival outside the womb.

This response dismisses the client's concern and is not accurate since a partner’s genetic condition can affect offspring depending on inheritance patterns.

Testing only one partner is not sufficient to assess the risk of passing on hereditary conditions since the genetic contribution of both parents matters.

Genetic testing does not require a confirmed pregnancy. Preconception genetic counseling and testing are commonly offered to assess potential risks beforehand.

Procoagulant factors, not decreased procoagulant factors, increase during pregnancy, which contributes to a hypercoagulable state.

Natural anticoagulants, such as antithrombin, tend to decrease during pregnancy, which actually heightens the risk of clot formation rather than mitigating it.

Platelet counts do not typically increase during pregnancy; in fact, they may slightly decrease due to hemodilution, though their function remains intact.

The lungs are bypassed by the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation, not the ductus venosus.

The heart is a critical pumping organ, so no blood is diverted away from it in fetal circulation.

The kidneys process blood, but fetal blood bypasses the liver via the ductus venosus rather than the kidneys.

Two veins are not found in the umbilical cord; only one vein is present.

While one artery and one vein might be seen in abnormal conditions like single umbilical artery (SUA), this is not typical.

Two veins and one artery is incorrect as the typical structure includes two arteries and one vein.

Constipation is more commonly experienced in the second or third trimester due to hormonal changes and pressure from the growing uterus on the intestines.

Heartburn typically occurs later in pregnancy as the enlarging uterus pushes on the stomach, allowing gastric acid to reflux into the esophagus.

Supine hypotension occurs later in pregnancy when the enlarged uterus compresses the inferior vena cava, reducing blood flow back to the heart.

Abdominal enlargement is a probable sign of pregnancy as it is more objective and can be caused by the growing uterus. However, it may also occur due to other conditions, such as tumors or fluid accumulation.

Ballottement, a sensation felt when the fetus rebounds after being pushed gently, is a probable sign of pregnancy due to its reliance on the presence of a fetus.

A positive pregnancy test result is a probable sign because it detects hCG levels, which are strongly associated with pregnancy but may also be elevated in other conditions.

Lightening refers to the sensation of the baby "dropping" into the pelvis, which typically occurs in the third trimester before labor, not at 18 weeks of gestation.

Ballottement refers to the passive movement of the fetus when gently pushed, typically assessed during a physical examination, not a maternal sensation.

Chloasma is a skin change involving dark patches on the face and is unrelated to fetal movement or maternal sensations.

Offering to stay with the client may be supportive, but it does not directly address the client’s expressed feelings or concerns, which is the priority in therapeutic communication.

Telling the client that the exam is necessary for birth control may seem dismissive and does not validate or explore her anxiety.

Advising the client to relax may come across as minimizing her feelings and does not provide an opportunity for the client to express her anxiety.

The labia minora are inner folds of skin that enclose and protect the vaginal and urethral openings but are not located between the vaginal opening and the anus.

The labia majora are outer folds of skin that also protect the vaginal area but are located externally and not between the vaginal opening and the anus.

The vestibule is the region inside the labia minora that contains the openings to the urethra and vagina but does not extend to the area near the anus.