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The nurse should not document 120 mL as the client's total intake because this calculation does not account for the volume of fluids the client consumed. It is an inadequate representation of the client's actual fluid intake.

The nurse should not document 90 mL as the client's total intake because this calculation is insufficient and does not accurately reflect the client's fluid intake.

The nurse should not document 360 mL as the client's total intake because this calculation inaccurately represents the client's fluid intake. The client consumed a total of 570 mL of fluids during the shift.

 Decreasing the head of the client’s bed can worsen oxygenation by compressing the lungs and reducing lung expansion, which is not advisable for a client with low oxygen saturation.

 Asking the client to cough every 4 hours can help clear secretions but does not directly address the immediate need to improve oxygen saturation.

 Requesting a prescription for an opioid analgesic is not appropriate in this context as opioids can depress respiratory function, potentially worsening the client’s oxygen saturation.

While it is true that most people may eventually adapt to a new diet, this statement does not actively engage the client or address their concerns. It lacks specificity and may not be as effective in helping the client with their dietary transition.

"You will feel better once you start the new diet" makes an assumption about the client's feelings without addressing their current concerns or involving them in the decision-making process. It may not be as effective in building rapport and cooperation.

"Your old diet probably caused your diabetes" could be seen as blaming the client for their condition, which is not therapeutic or supportive. It does not address the client's concerns or engage them in a positive way.

 Quality of pain refers to the characteristics or nature of the pain. For example, the pain could be described as sharp, dull, burning, aching, etc. In this case, the nurse is not asking about the quality of the pain.

Region refers to the location of the pain. While the nurse knows that the client is experiencing back pain, asking the client to rate their pain on a scale doesn’t provide information about the specific region of the pain.

 Precipitating cause refers to what triggers or worsens the pain. The nurse’s question about rating the pain does not seek information about what might have caused or exacerbated the client’s back pain.

The client's pupils being dilated is an objective sign, not a subjective indicator of pain. Dilated pupils may be a response to stress or certain medications but do not provide information about the client's pain experience.

Grimacing is an objective sign of pain, not a subjective indicator. It represents a visible facial expression that suggests discomfort or pain.

Restlessness is an objective sign and behavior associated with pain. Restlessness may include fidgeting, shifting position, or an inability to remain still but does not provide insight into the client's subjective pain experience.

Instructing the client to take the pain medication after the pain becomes severe is not appropriate. Pain management is more effective when medication is taken before the pain becomes severe, as it helps maintain a consistent blood level of the drug and provides better relief. Delaying pain medication until the pain is severe can lead to unnecessary suffering and may require higher doses of medication to achieve relief, increasing the risk of side effects and dependence.

Providing written materials with a small font size is not appropriate for older adult clients. Many older adults may have visual impairments, such as presbyopia, which makes it difficult for them to read small print. Using a larger font size or providing materials in a format that accommodates visual limitations, such as large print or audio recordings, is more suitable for effective patient education.

Instructing the client to keep a pain diary is a good practice, but it should not be the primary action when a new pain medication is prescribed. Keeping a pain diary can help the client and healthcare provider track the effectiveness of pain management strategies, but it should complement clear and understandable instructions on when and how to take the prescribed pain medication. Providing clear instructions should be the initial priority to ensure safe and effective pain management.

Erythema and edema of the affected auricle are not typical findings in otitis media. Otitis media primarily affects the middle ear, and external ear symptoms like erythema and edema are less common. The infection occurs behind the eardrum, so signs of inflammation may not be visible on the auricle.

Bluish-green discharge from the ear canal is not a typical finding in otitis media. This symptom is more characteristic of a different type of ear infection or injury and should prompt further evaluation and assessment by a healthcare provider.

An increase in appetite is not typically associated with otitis media. In fact, ear pain and discomfort can often lead to a decrease in appetite in infants. It is essential to differentiate between typical and atypical symptoms to provide appropriate care for a child with otitis media.

Good manners and common courtesy are important in interpersonal interactions but do not represent specific ethical principles. Ethical principles in healthcare are more focused on fundamental values and principles that guide decision-making and actions in clinical practice.

Common courtesy is a social and interpersonal concept, not an ethical principle. While being polite and demonstrating courtesy is expected in healthcare, it does not encompass the broader ethical considerations and obligations that healthcare professionals have toward their clients.

Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle that emphasizes the duty to do no harm to clients while striving for the best possible outcome. In healthcare, this principle guides healthcare professionals to prioritize the safety and well-being of the client above all else. It means that healthcare providers should avoid causing harm, including physical, emotional, or psychological harm, while providing care. This principle aligns with the core ethical values of healthcare and underscores the importance of patient safety and well-being.

Firm brown papules with a roughened, finely papillomatous texture are not typical findings of impetigo. This description is more suggestive of a different skin condition, such as seborrheic keratosis, which is a benign skin tumor that presents as brown, warty lesions.

Scaly patches with clear centers are not characteristic of impetigo. This description is more suggestive of fungal skin infections like tinea corporis (ringworm) or pityriasis rosea, rather than impetigo.

Reddened areas with white exudate are not typical of impetigo contagiosa. This description may be more indicative of a different skin condition or wound infection that produces white or purulent exudate, rather than the characteristic honey-colored crusts seen in impetigo.