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While it's true that certain foods can promote sleep, high-carbohydrate snacks before bedtime are not recommended. They can lead to energy spikes and crashes, which can disrupt sleep¹.

While it's important for the sleep environment to be calming and conducive to sleep, it doesn't always have to be completely quiet and dark. Some children may find a completely dark room scary, and some background noise can actually be soothing¹.

The need for naps varies greatly among children. Some 4-year-olds may still benefit from an afternoon nap. Eliminating the nap can lead to overtiredness, which can actually make it harder for the child to fall asleep at night¹.

This statement is incorrect, as Tanner staging is not based on chronological age, but on the physical development of the child. Children may enter and progress through puberty at different ages, depending on their genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors.

This statement is incorrect, as Tanner staging is not based on the sexual behavior of the child, but on the appearance of the external genitalia, breasts, and pubic hair. Sexual behavior is influenced by many factors, such as social, cultural, and psychological factors, and does not necessarily correlate with the stage of puberty.

This statement is incorrect, as Tanner staging is not based on the increase in height and weight, but on the maturation of the reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. Height and weight are affected by many factors, such as nutrition, health, and genetics, and do not necessarily reflect the stage of puberty.

This statement is false, as a sense of hopelessness and despair are not a normal part of adolescence, but signs of depression and suicidal ideation. The nurse should educate the adolescents and their parents about the warning signs of suicide and the importance of seeking professional help.

This statement is false, as previous suicide attempts are a major risk factor for completed suicides. The nurse should assess the adolescents for any history of self-harm or suicide attempts and provide them with appropriate interventions and referrals.

This statement is false, as problem-solving skills are of great value to the suicidal adolescent. The nurse should teach the adolescents how to cope with stress, deal with conflicts, and seek help when needed. The nurse should also help the adolescents develop positive self-esteem and resilience.

This statement is incorrect, as maceration is not a clinical manifestation of scabies, but a condition of softening and breaking down of the skin due to prolonged exposure to moisture. Maceration can occur in areas where the skin folds or rubs together, such as the groin, armpits, or under the breasts.

This statement is incorrect, as edema is not a clinical manifestation of scabies, but a condition of swelling due to excess fluid accumulation in the tissues. Edema can occur in various parts of the body, such as the legs, feet, hands, or face, due to various causes, such as heart failure, kidney disease, or allergic reactions.

This statement is incorrect, as severe pain is not a clinical manifestation of scabies, but a subjective sensation of physical discomfort or distress. Pain can occur in various parts of the body due to various causes, such as injury, inflammation, infection, or disease. Pain can be acute or chronic, and can be rated on a scale of 0 to 10.

This statement is incorrect, as droplet precautions are not required for patients with HIV, unless they have other infections that are transmitted by respiratory droplets, such as influenza, pertussis, or meningitis. Droplet precautions include wearing a surgical mask when within 3 feet of the patient, placing the patient in a private room or cohorting with other patients with the same infection, and limiting the movement of the patient outside the room.

This statement is incorrect, as contact precautions are not required for patients with HIV, unless they have other infections that are transmitted by direct or indirect contact, such as Clostridioides difficile, scabies, or herpes simplex virus. Contact precautions include wearing gloves and gowns when entering the patient's room, placing the patient in a private room or cohorting with other patients with the same infection, and dedicating patient-care equipment to the patient or disinfecting it before use on another patient.

This statement is incorrect, as airborne precautions are not required for patients with HIV, unless they have other infections that are transmitted by airborne particles, such as tuberculosis, measles, or chickenpox. Airborne precautions include wearing a respirator or N95 mask when entering the patient's room, placing the patient in a negative-pressure isolation room with the door closed, and limiting the movement of the patient outside the room.

This statement is incorrect, as Airborne Precautions are not indicated for patients with LIP, unless they have other infections that are transmitted by airborne particles, such as tuberculosis, measles, or chickenpox. Airborne Precautions include wearing a respirator or N95 mask when entering the patient's room, placing the patient in a negative-pressure isolation room with the door closed, and limiting the movement of the patient outside the room.

This statement is incorrect, as LIP is not rarely seen in children with AIDS, but rather one of the most common pulmonary complications of HIV infection in children. LIP affects about 30% to 40% of children with HIV, and is more prevalent in younger children than older children or adults.

This statement is incorrect, as antibiotics are not the first-line treatment for LIP, unless there is a bacterial superinfection. Antibiotics do not target the underlying cause of LIP, which is the HIV infection and the associated immune dysfunction. The main treatment for LIP is antiretroviral therapy (ART), which suppresses the viral replication and improves the immune status of the patient. Corticosteroids may also be used to reduce the inflammation and improve the lung function.

This statement is incorrect, as atopic dermatitis (eczema) is not associated with upper respiratory tract infections, but rather with lower respiratory tract infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. Upper respiratory tract infections affect the nose, throat, and sinuses, while lower respiratory tract infections affect the lungs and airways.

This statement is incorrect, as atopic dermatitis (eczema) is not easily cured, but rather a chronic and relapsing condition that requires long-term management. There is no cure for eczema, but the symptoms can be controlled with medications, moisturizers, and avoidance of triggers.

This statement is incorrect, as treatment for atopic dermatitis (eczema) does not include keeping the skin dry, but rather keeping the skin moist and hydrated. Dry skin can worsen the itching and inflammation of eczema, so the nurse should advise the parents to apply emollients to the infant's skin after bathing, use mild and fragrance-free soaps and detergents, and avoid excessive heat and sweating.

This statement is incorrect, as 5% is too high for the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV with ART. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the risk of transmission can be reduced to less than 5% with effective interventions, such as ART, safe delivery practices, and appropriate infant feeding¹.

This statement is incorrect, as 20% is too high for the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV with ART. According to the WHO, the risk of transmission can be reduced to less than 5% with effective interventions, such as ART, safe delivery practices, and appropriate infant feeding¹.

This statement is incorrect, as 15% is too high for the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV with ART. According to the WHO, the risk of transmission can be reduced to less than 5% with effective interventions, such as ART, safe delivery practices, and appropriate infant feeding¹.

This statement is incorrect, as rechecking blood pressure and providing oxygen are not the immediate nursing priorities for a neonate with fever and signs of sepsis. Blood pressure is not a reliable indicator of perfusion in neonates, and oxygen saturation is already within normal range. The nurse should focus on identifying and treating the source of infection, preventing hypovolemia and shock, and monitoring the vital signs and blood glucose levels.

This statement is incorrect, as administering aspirin and normal saline bolus are not the immediate nursing priorities for a neonate with fever and signs of sepsis. Aspirin is contraindicated in children under 18 years of age due to the risk of Reye syndrome, a rare but serious condition that affects the liver and brain. Normal saline bolus may be indicated for hypotension or shock, but only after obtaining blood cultures and starting antibiotics.

This statement is incorrect, as administering antibiotics and oxygen are not the immediate nursing priorities for a neonate with fever and signs of sepsis. Antibiotics are essential for treating the infection, but they should be given after obtaining blood cultures to avoid false-negative results. Oxygen may be needed if the neonate develops hypoxia or respiratory distress, but it is not the first intervention for a neonate with normal oxygen saturation.

This statement is incorrect, as aspirin is contraindicated in children under 18 years of age due to the risk of Reye syndrome, a rare but serious condition that affects the liver and brain. The nurse should use other methods to reduce the fever, such as acetaminophen, tepid sponge baths, or cooling blankets.

This statement is incorrect, as hospital-acquired sepsis is unlikely in a 3-day-old infant, unless the infant was exposed to invasive procedures or devices, such as catheters, ventilators, or surgery. The nurse should consider other sources of infection, such as the maternal genital tract, the umbilical cord, or the skin.

This statement is incorrect, as blood pressure is not an early indicator of sepsis, but a late sign of shock. The nurse should monitor the infant for other signs of sepsis, such as temperature instability, tachycardia, tachypnea, lethargy, poor feeding, irritability, or hypoglycemia.