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Reason: Sexual abuse is the involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not fully comprehend, consent to, or is developmentally inappropriate. Sexual abuse may cause genital injuries, sexually transmitted infections, or pregnancy.

Reason: Emotional abuse is the persistent emotional maltreatment of a child that causes severe and adverse effects on the child's emotional development. Emotional abuse may cause low self-esteem, withdrawal, anxiety, depression, or aggression.

Reason: Neglect is the failure to provide for a child's basic physical, emotional, educational, or medical needs. Neglect may cause poor hygiene, malnutrition, failure to thrive, or developmental delays.

Reason: The nurse should not question or challenge the client's feelings of guilt or blame. This may make the client feel defensive or ashamed and prevent her from opening up to the nurse.

Reason: The nurse should not ask the client how she tried to stop the abuser or imply that she could have done something differently. This may make the client feel responsible or inadequate for not preventing the abuse.

Reason: The nurse should not pressure the client to disclose the details of the abuse or make her feel that she has to tell everything to get help. This may make the client feel violated or overwhelmed and retraumatize her.

Reason: The nurse should not say something that criticizes or scolds the parents for neglecting their children. This may make the parents feel defensive, angry, or hopeless and damage the therapeutic relationship with the nurse.

Reason: The nurse should not say something that judges or shames the parents for neglecting their children. This may make the parents feel guilty, worthless, or depressed and reduce their motivation or confidence to change their situation.

Reason: The nurse should not say something that threatens or intimidates the parents for neglecting their children. This may make the parents feel fearful, hostile, or distrustful and hinder the cooperation or collaboration with the nurse.

Reason: The nurse should not state that children who are abused or neglected may have injuries or illnesses that are consistent with their age and developmental level. This is incorrect because children who are abused or neglected may have injuries or illnesses that are inconsistent with their age and developmental level. For example, a child who has a fracture that does not match the explanation given by the parent or caregiver may be a victim of physical abuse.

Reason: The nurse should not state that children who are abused or neglected may have positive relationships with their peers and teachers at school. This is incorrect because children who are abused or neglected may have negative relationships with their peers and teachers at school. For example, a child who is isolated, bullied, or rejected by his or her classmates may be a victim of emotional abuse or neglect.

Reason: The nurse should not state that children who are abused or neglected may have normal academic performance and cognitive abilities. This is incorrect because children who are abused or neglected may have poor academic performance and cognitive abilities. For example, a child who has difficulty concentrating, remembering, or solving problems may be a victim of sexual abuse or neglect.