Review Practice Exercise 3

Theoretical Foundations Of Nursing Practice > Fundamentals

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Practice Exercise 3

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Total Questions : 4

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Question 1:

A nurse is caring for a patient who recently lost a leg in a motor vehicle accident. The nurse best assists the patient to cope with this situation by applying which of the following theories?

A. Roy B. Watson C. Johnson D. Benner

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Roy: Sister Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model focuses on how individuals adapt to changes in health and environment. After losing a leg, the patient faces significant challenges. The nurse helps promote positive adaptation through physiologic, self-concept, role function, and interdependence modes. Rationale for incorrect answers:

Choice B:

Watson: Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring emphasizes the humanistic and spiritual aspects of care, focusing on forming caring-healing relationships. While Watson's theory is essential for showing empathy and compassion, it does not specifically address adaptation to physical loss.

Choice C:

Johnson: Dorothy Johnson’s Behavioral System Model views the person as a system of interrelated behaviors that strive to maintain balance. While it considers how behavior may be affected by illness or trauma, it is less focused on coping and adaptation.

Choice D:

Benner: Patricia Benner’s Novice to Expert theory explains the development of nursing competence rather than guiding patient care directly. It is about how nurses gain clinical wisdom through experience, not how to support patients facing physical and emotional trauma.

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Question 2:

A nurse ensures that each patient’s room is clean; well ventilated; and free from clutter, excessive noise, and extremes in temperature. Which theorist’s work is the nurse practicing in this example?

A. Henderson B. Orem C. King D. Nightingale

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Henderson: While Virginia Henderson emphasized assisting patients with fundamental needs (such as hygiene, elimination, and breathing) to promote independence, she did not focus specifically on the environment as a healing factor the way Nightingale did.

Choice B:

Orem: Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory focuses on helping patients meet their self-care needs when they are unable to do so themselves. While the theory supports overall patient well-being, it does not highlight environmental factors such as ventilation or noise reduction.

Choice C:

King: Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment emphasizes the nurse-client relationship and mutual goal setting. The theory centers on communication and interaction, not on modifying environmental conditions to improve health.

Choice D:

Nightingale: Florence Nightingale is the founder of modern nursing and her Environmental Theory highlighted the critical importance of the patient’s environment in recovery. She advocated for clean air, clean water, warmth, light, noise control, and cleanliness.Rationale for incorrect answers:

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Question 3:

Which of the following are mid-range theories? Select all that apply

A. Benner – Skill Acquisition B. Kolcaba – Comfort Theory C. Pender – Health Promotion Model D. Watson – Theory of Human Caring E. Orem – Self-Care Deficit Theory

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Benner – Skill Acquisition: Nurses progress through five stages of skill acquisition: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert.

Choice B:

Kolcaba – Comfort Theory: Nurses facilitate health-seeking behaviors in patients by striving to relieve physical, emotional, social, environmental, and/or spiritual distress.

Choice C:

Pender – Health Promotion Model: Focuses on health-promoting behaviors, individual characteristics, and behavioral outcomes to motivate individuals toward well-being.Rationale for incorrect answers:

Choice D:

Watson – Theory of Human Caring: Emphasizes caring as the essence of nursing and the nurse-patient relationship as central to healing. This is a grand theory.

Choice E:

Orem – Self-Care Deficit Theory: Focuses on individuals' ability to care for themselves and the nurse’s role in supporting or compensating when deficits exist. This is a grand theory.

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Question 4:

A nurse demonstrates Jean Watson’s carative factor of "instilling faith and hope" when performing which of the following actions?

A. Administering medication exactly as prescribed and documenting it promptly. B. Reassuring a client who is anxious about a new diagnosis and encouraging their spiritual beliefs. C. Ensuring that the client’s bed is clean, dry, and free of hazards. D. Teaching the client about the side effects of a new medication.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Administering medication is important but represents technical competence and task-oriented care, not a carative factor like instilling hope or faith.

Choice B:

Reassuring a client who is anxious about a new diagnosis and encouraging their spiritual beliefs. Reassuring and encouraging spiritual belief aligns with Watson’s carative factor of "instilling faith and hope", which supports the client's emotional and spiritual well-being, particularly during times of vulnerability.Rationale for incorrect answers:

Choice C:

While maintaining a clean and safe environment is essential, this action aligns more with basic physical care or Nightingale’s environmental theory than Watson’s humanistic focus.

Choice D:

Teaching is valuable, but it is more aligned with the carative factor of promoting transpersonal teaching-learning, not specifically about instilling faith and hope.

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