Review Practice Exercise 2

Autism spectrum disorder > Mental Health

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Practice Exercise 2

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Total Questions : 5

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Question 1:

A nurse recognizes which behavior as a common sign of autism spectrum disorder?

A. Clinging behavior toward parents. B. Creative imaginative play with peers. C. Early language development. D. Indifference to being hugged or held.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Clinging behavior toward parents is more typical of separation anxiety disorder, not autism. Children with autism usually demonstrate reduced attachment behaviors and diminished social bonding, making this option inconsistent with the disorder’s presentation.

Choice B:

Creative imaginative play with peers is characteristic of normal development. Children with autism often show restricted play patterns, preferring repetitive or solitary activities, and lack imaginative social play. Thus, this option does not represent autism spectrum disorder.

Choice C:

Early language development is not typical in autism. Instead, children often exhibit language delays or atypical speech patterns such as echolalia. Advanced language skills are inconsistent with the communication deficits seen in autism spectrum disorder.

Choice D:

Indifference to physical affection such as hugging or holding reflects impaired social reciprocity and atypical sensory processing. Children with autism often avoid or fail to respond to physical contact, highlighting deficits in emotional engagement. This makes option 4 the correct answer.

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Question 2:

A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old client diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Which behaviors should the nurse expect? Select all that apply

A. Imitates others. B. Seeks physical contact. C. Avoids eye-to-eye contact. D. Engages in cooperative play. E. Performs repetitive activities. F. Displays interest in children rather than adults.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Imitation of others is often impaired in autism. Children typically struggle with modeling behaviors and lack spontaneous social learning, making this inconsistent with expected presentation.

Choice B:

Seeking physical contact is diminished in autism. Children often show indifference or avoidance of affection and atypical sensory responses, making this option incorrect.

Choice C:

Avoidance of eye-to-eye contact is a hallmark sign of impaired social reciprocity. Children with autism frequently fail to establish or maintain eye contact, reflecting deficits in nonverbal communication and social engagement. This is a consistent diagnostic feature.

Choice D:

Cooperative play requires shared goals and reciprocal interaction. Children with autism usually prefer solitary or parallel play, lacking social reciprocity and peer engagement, so cooperative play is not expected.

Choice E:

Repetitive activities such as hand-flapping, lining up toys, or rigid routines are characteristic of autism. These stereotyped behaviors reflect restricted interests and abnormal motor patterns, forming part of the diagnostic triad of autism spectrum disorder.

Choice F:

Interest in children rather than adults is atypical. Autism is marked by reduced social interest overall, with limited preference for peers or adults. This option does not reflect the disorder’s presentation.

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Question 3:

A nurse is assessing a client suspected of having autism spectrum disorder. Which characteristic is most commonly associated with autism?

A. Responds to all environmental stimuli. B. Responds positively to physical contact. C. Appears unresponsive to the environment. D. Interacts more with peers than adults.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Responding to all environmental stimuli is inconsistent with autism. Children typically demonstrate selective attention deficits and diminished social responsiveness, not heightened reactivity to every stimulus. This option does not align with autism’s presentation.

Choice B:

Responding positively to physical contact is atypical in autism. Children often show indifference or avoidance of affection and abnormal tactile responses, making this option incorrect.

Choice C:

Appearing unresponsive to the environment reflects impaired social interaction and abnormal sensory processing. Children with autism often fail to respond to verbal cues, social approaches, or environmental changes, highlighting deficits in engagement. This presentation is a hallmark diagnostic feature.

Choice D:

Interacting more with peers than adults is not characteristic of autism. Children usually demonstrate reduced social interest overall, with limited reciprocity toward both peers and adults. This option does not reflect autism spectrum disorder.

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Question 4:

A nurse assesses a client with autism spectrum disorder. Which findings reflect deficits in social communication? Select all that apply

A. Limited use of gestures. B. Difficulty initiating conversation. C. Appropriate emotional reciprocity. D. Failure to develop peer relationships. E. Advanced imaginative play skills.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Limited use of gestures reflects impaired nonverbal communication, a diagnostic hallmark of autism. Children fail to integrate eye contact, facial expressions, and gestures. The nonverbal and gesture deficits directly meet DSM-5 criteria for social communication impairment.

Choice B:

Difficulty initiating conversation demonstrates impaired social reciprocity. Children with autism struggle to start or sustain dialogue, reflecting deficits in pragmatic language. The conversation and reciprocity impairments are central diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorder.

Choice C:

Appropriate emotional reciprocity is inconsistent with autism. Children with autism typically lack reciprocal emotional responses. The presence of appropriate and reciprocity indicates normal social functioning, not a deficit.

Choice D:

Failure to develop peer relationships is a core deficit in autism. Children cannot form age-appropriate friendships due to impaired social reciprocity and restricted interests. The peer and relationships deficits are required diagnostic features.

Choice E:

Advanced imaginative play skills are not characteristic of autism. Children with autism often show restricted or absent pretend play. The imaginative and play abilities contradict the expected deficits in symbolic play.

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Question 5:

A nurse observes a client diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Which behaviors are considered restricted or repetitive? Select all that apply

A. Hand flapping. B. Insistence on strict routines. C. Cooperative pretend play. D. Repetitive lining up of objects. E. Engaging in varied social interactions.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Hand flapping is a stereotyped motor movement frequently observed in autism. It represents repetitive self-stimulatory behavior. The stereotyped and motor features confirm this as a restricted behavior consistent with DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.

Choice B:

Insistence on strict routines is a hallmark of autism. Children exhibit distress when routines are disrupted, reflecting cognitive rigidity. The routine and rigidity features make this a diagnostic restricted behavior.

Choice C:

Cooperative pretend play is inconsistent with autism. Children with autism typically lack imaginative or symbolic play and struggle with cooperative social interaction. The presence of cooperative and pretend play indicates normal development, not restricted behavior.

Choice D:

Repetitive lining up of objects demonstrates restricted interests and repetitive manipulation. Children arrange toys in fixed patterns rather than engaging in functional play. The repetitive and objects features confirm this as a restricted behavior.

Choice E:

Engaging in varied social interactions is not characteristic of autism. Children with autism demonstrate deficits in reciprocity and limited peer engagement. The presence of varied and social interactions reflects normal or advanced functioning, not restricted or repetitive behavior.

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Practice Exercise 2

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