Review Practice Exercise 2

Drugs Used to Treat Hypertension > Pharmacology

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Practice Exercise 2

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Total Questions : 2

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Question 1:

A patient has developed mild hypertension. The nurse acknowledges that the first-line drug for treating this patient’s blood pressure might be which drug?

A. Diuretic B. Alpha blocker C. ACE inhibitor D. Alpha/beta blocker

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Diuretic: Thiazide diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone) are recommended as first-line agents for mild to moderate hypertension. They enhance sodium and water excretion, reduce plasma volume, and lower cardiac output and blood pressure. They are especially beneficial in older adults and in combination with other antihypertensives when additional BP control is needed.Rationale for incorrect answers

Choice B:

Alpha blocker: Drugs like prazosin lower BP by causing vasodilation but are not first-line because they can cause orthostatic hypotension and are less effective in reducing cardiovascular events.

Choice C:

ACE inhibitor: ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril) are effective but are typically preferred in patients with specific comorbidities such as diabetes, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease rather than as first-line therapy for mild hypertension alone.

Choice D:

Alpha/beta blocker: Combined alpha and beta blockers (e.g., carvedilol) are generally reserved for patients with heart failure or post-myocardial infarction, not for initial treatment of mild hypertension.

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Question 2:

The client has been given a prescription of furosemide (Lasix) as an adjunct to treatment of hypertension and returns for a follow-up check. Which of the following is the most objective data for determining the therapeutic effectiveness of the furosemide?

A. Absence of edema in lower extremities B. Weight loss of 6 lb C. Blood pressure log notes blood pressure 120/70 mmHg to 134/88 mmHg since discharge D. Frequency of voiding of at least six times per day

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Absence of edema in lower extremities
While the absence of edema suggests that furosemide’s diuretic effect is working, this finding reflects fluid balance improvement rather than direct control of hypertension. It supports but does not confirm therapeutic effectiveness for blood pressure management.

Choice B:

Weight loss of 6 lbWeight loss likely indicates fluid loss due to diuresis, but it is an indirect measure. Fluid loss alone does not confirm blood pressure reduction, and weight can fluctuate due to several non-cardiac factors.

Choice C:

Blood pressure log notes blood pressure 120/70 mmHg to 134/88 mmHg since dischargeThe primary therapeutic goal of furosemide when used for hypertension is to lower and maintain blood pressure within normal limits. A log showing consistent readings between 120/70 and 134/88 mmHg demonstrates effective blood pressure control, confirming that the medication is achieving its desired therapeutic effect.Rationales for incorrect answers:

Choice D:

Frequency of voiding of at least six times per day
Increased urine output reflects the pharmacologic action of furosemide but not necessarily its therapeutic goal. Frequent urination indicates drug activity, not therapeutic success in reducing blood pressure.

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Practice Exercise 2

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