Review Practice Exercise 2

Growth And Development In Adolescents > Child Health

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Practice Exercise 2

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Total Questions : 8

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Question 1:

A nurse is conducting a health screening for a group of 17-year-old adolescents. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse confirm the adolescents have received or are scheduled to receive?

A. Varicella (chickenpox) booster B. Rotavirus vaccine C. Meningococcal (MenACWY) booster D. Hepatitis A series

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Varicella booster is typically given in two doses during early childhood. By age 17, this vaccine is not routinely required unless the adolescent was not previously vaccinated or lacks evidence of immunity.

Choice B:

Rotavirus vaccine is an oral vaccine series completed in infancy (before 8 months of age) and is not appropriate for adolescents.

Choice C:

The CDC recommends that adolescents receive a booster dose of the meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) at age 16 to maintain protection against meningococcal disease during the peak years of risk (16–23 years). This is especially important for those living in close quarters, such as in college dormitories.

Choice D:

Hepatitis A series is recommended in early childhood, especially in high-risk groups. Although catch-up vaccination can be done in adolescence, it is not specifically recommended for all 17-year-olds unless indicated by risk factors or missed in childhood.

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Question 2:

Which of the following are the primary causes of mortality among adolescents in the United States? Select all that apply

A. Injuries B. Suicide C. Congenital anomalies D. Homicide E. Chronic illness

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Unintentional injuries, particularly those caused by motor vehicle accidents, are the leading cause of death in adolescents. Contributing factors include inexperience, distracted driving, lack of seatbelt use, and substance use.

Choice B:

Suicide ranks as a top 3 cause of death among adolescents. Mental health disorders, bullying, family conflict, and lack of access to mental health services contribute significantly.

Choice C:

Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of death in infants and young children, not adolescents. By adolescence, most congenital conditions have been treated or stabilized.

Choice D:

Homicide is also a leading cause of death, particularly among adolescent males and racial/ethnic minority groups. It is often associated with firearm violence, gang activity, and social disparities.

Choice E:

While chronic conditions like cancer, asthma, or diabetes can impact quality of life, they are not among the leading causes of mortality in this age group. They account for a smaller proportion of adolescent deaths.

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Question 3:

Which of the following immunization booster vaccines should be considered for a 13-year-old adolescent who has completed all recommended routine childhood vaccinations? Select all that apply

A. DTaP vaccine B. Tdap vaccine C. Meningococcal vaccine D. Pneumococcal vaccine E. Hepatitis B vaccine F. Hib vaccine

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

DTaP vaccine (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and acellular Pertussis) is administered in early childhood (under age 7). It contains higher antigen quantities than Tdap and is not recommended as a booster in adolescents.

Choice B:

Adolescents should receive a booster dose of Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis) at age 11–12, even if they completed the DTaP series in early childhood. It ensures continued protection against pertussis, which can still pose a significant public health risk in teens.

Choice C:

A quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY) is routinely recommended at age 11–12, with a booster at age 16. This protects against Neisseria meningitidis, which can cause life-threatening meningitis and septicemia during adolescence.

Choice D:

Pneumococcal vaccine is routinely given to infants and high-risk children (e.g., immunocompromised or with chronic illness), not typically to healthy adolescents.

Choice E:

Hepatitis B vaccine is part of the routine infant and early childhood series. Catch-up vaccination may be indicated if doses were missed, but not routinely given at age 13 if the series was completed.

Choice F:

The Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine is for infants and toddlers. It is not recommended for healthy adolescents unless they are immunocompromised.

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Question 4:

An 18-year-old, who is being seen for a routine dental examination, is told that 2 wisdom teeth are impacted. Which of the following complications should the adolescent and his parents be advised may develop? Select all that apply

A. Pain B. Cysts C. Infections D. Tooth misalignment E. Mandibular osteopenia

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Pain is the most common symptom of impacted wisdom teeth, especially when they press on adjacent structures or become partially erupted, exposing sensitive gum tissue.

Choice B:

Fluid-filled cysts can form around the crown of an impacted tooth, potentially causing bone damage or affecting nearby teeth if not removed.

Choice C:

Partially erupted or impacted teeth create spaces where bacteria can accumulate, increasing the risk for pericoronitis (gum infection) and abscesses.

Choice D:

Impacted wisdom teeth may exert pressure on adjacent teeth, especially if growing at an angle, potentially causing crowding or shifting of teeth, particularly a concern for those who’ve had orthodontic treatment.

Choice E:

Mandibular osteopenia refers to bone density loss in the jaw, which is not associated with impacted wisdom teeth. It is more commonly linked to systemic issues such as osteoporosis, not local dental conditions.

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Question 5:

To promote language development in the adolescent, parents, educators, and health-care professionals should encourage teenagers to perform which of the following activities?

A. Surf the Internet B. Read a variety of literature C. Engage in public speaking D. Write letters

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

While internet use can provide access to information, it often promotes short-form or informal content. Unless directed toward educational or literature-based sites, general surfing does not consistently foster advanced language development.

Choice B:

Reading exposes adolescents to new vocabulary, diverse sentence structures, complex ideas, and different perspectives. It supports language growth, comprehension, and critical thinking, all of which are essential for academic success and social communication.

Choice C:

Public speaking improves verbal confidence and articulation, but it requires a foundation in language skills that are best developed through reading and comprehension first. It is more a tool for practicing expression than developing language.

Choice D:

While writing promotes expression, letter writing is less common today and does not offer the same depth or variety of exposure to language as reading does. Also, its scope is narrower compared to diverse literature.

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Question 6:

The school nurse is providing nutrition education to a group of high school students. Which of the following information should be included in the teaching session? Select all that apply

A. Energy drinks are high in sugar and caffeine. B. Vegan diets are low in complete proteins. C. Fast foods are low in fat and cholesterol. D. Sodas are high in sugar and empty calories. E. Adolescents often need to limit their intake of calories.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Energy drinks are high in sugar and caffeine: These beverages can contain excessive amounts of both, which can lead to irritability, anxiety, dehydration, sleep disturbances, and even heart-related side effects. Teens should be advised to limit or avoid energy drinks.

Choice B:

Vegan diets are low in complete proteins: While a well-planned vegan diet can be healthy, it may lack complete proteins (those containing all essential amino acids) unless carefully balanced with complementary plant sources (e.g., legumes with grains). Education should focus on how to ensure adequate protein intake.

Choice C:

Fast foods are low in fat and cholesterol: This is incorrect. Most fast foods are high in saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and calories. Regular consumption is associated with poor cardiovascular health and obesity.

Choice D:

Sodas are high in sugar and empty calories: Soda offers no nutritional benefit, contributing only sugar and calories, which can increase the risk for obesity, dental caries, and metabolic issues. Adolescents often consume large amounts of sugary drinks, so this is a key point to address.

Choice E:

Adolescents often need to limit their intake of calories: Most adolescents, due to their growth and activity levels, require increased, not limited caloric intake from nutrient-dense sources. Caloric restriction is typically unnecessary unless there is a specific health issue like obesity under medical supervision.

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Question 7:

A school nurse is providing an education session for parents of high school students. Which of the following information should be included in the teaching session?

A. It is important for teens to catch up on their sleep on weekends. B. Teens are less likely to get into an automobile accident if others are in the car with them. C. Adolescents are especially at high risk for accidental poisonings. D. Tanning beds are safe as long as the adolescent reapplies sunscreen every ten minutes.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Teens often experience sleep deprivation due to early school start times, academic demands, and social activities. While it's ideal to maintain a consistent sleep schedule, sleeping in on weekends can help compensate for lost sleep during the week. This strategy may improve alertness and mood, though it should not replace consistent, healthy sleep habits throughout the week.

Choice B:

Teens are less likely to get into an automobile accident if others are in the car with them: This is incorrect; having teen passengers increases the risk of motor vehicle accidents due to distraction.

Choice C:

Adolescents are especially at high risk for accidental poisonings: While younger children are more prone to accidental poisoning, intentional misuse of substances is more common in adolescents. This item doesn't reflect the most accurate or generalizable concern for parents.

Choice D:

Tanning beds are safe as long as the adolescent reapplies sunscreen every ten minutes: Tanning beds are unsafe regardless of sunscreen use and increase the risk of skin cancer.

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Question 8:

A student informs the school nurse that she is planning to get a tattoo. Which of the following information should the nurse teach the student about tattoos?

A. Tattoos are easily removed with lasers and bleach. B. The student should request that only blue and red dye be used. C. Infections are rare because tattoo needles and inks are kept hot. D. Skin lesions may develop where tattoos are placed.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Laser removal is possible but not easy, quick, or guaranteed. It often requires multiple painful sessions, may leave scarring, and bleach should never be used on skin since it can cause chemical burns.

Choice B:

Red dye, in particular, is commonly associated with allergic reactions and hypersensitivity. There is no evidence that any specific color is safer, and dyes can contain toxic metals or allergens.

Choice C:

Tattoo needles and inks must be sterilized and single-use or properly autoclaved. Heat is not a routine method of sterilization during tattooing. If improper technique is used, bacterial, viral (Hepatitis B/C, HIV), or fungal infections can occur.

Choice D:

Tattooing involves puncturing the skin, which can lead to localized skin reactions such as inflammation, keloid formation, granulomas, allergic reactions to tattoo ink (especially red dyes), and infection if aseptic technique is not followed. Additionally, tattooed areas may mask or complicate the detection of skin cancers or other dermatological issues in the future.

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Practice Exercise 2

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