Review Practice Exercise 2

The Female Reproductive System > Maternal Newborn

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Practice Exercise 2

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Total Questions : 5

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Question 1:

Which part of the fallopian tube is the most common site for fertilization?

A. Infundibulum B. Ampulla C. Isthmus D. Interstitial part

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The infundibulum, with fimbriae, captures the ovulated oocyte but is not the main fertilization site due to rapid passage into the ampulla.

Choice B:

The ampulla provides the optimal environment for fertilization because its expanded lumen and ciliated epithelium facilitate sperm transBport and oocyte retention, maximizing contact time for fertilization.Rationale for incorrect answers

Choice C:

The isthmus is a narrow muscular segment leading to the uterus; it is involved in embryo transport but is less favorable for fertilization.

Choice D:

The interstitial part passes through the uterine wall and is primarily for embryo passage into the uterine cavity, not for fertilization.

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Question 2:

Which are functions of the uterus during pregnancy? Select all that apply:

A. Provides environment for fetal development B. Produces sperm C. Facilitates implantation D. Stores menstrual blood E. Expels fetus during labor

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The uterus provides a protective, vascular, and nutrient-rich environment that supports fetal development throughout pregnancy.

Choice B:

The uterus does not produce sperm; spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

Choice C:

The endometrium undergoes secretory changes under progesterone, creating optimal conditions for blastocyst implantation.

Choice D:

The uterus does not store menstrual blood; menstrual bleeding results from shedding of the functional endometrium when implantation does not occur.

Choice E:

The myometrium contracts powerfully during labor, coordinated by oxytocin and prostaglandins, to expel the fetus.Rationale for incorrect answers

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Question 3:

Which uterine layer regenerates the endometrium after menstruation?

A. Stratum functionalis B. Stratum basalis C. Myometrium D. Perimetrium

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The stratum functionalis is the superficial functional layer that thickens under estrogen and progesterone and is shed during menstruation; it does not regenerate itself.

Choice B:

The stratum basalis is not shed during menstruation and serves as the source for regrowth of the stratum functionalis during the proliferative phase, driven mainly by estrogen.Rationale for incorrect answers

Choice C:

The myometrium is the thick smooth muscle layer responsible for uterine contractions; it does not participate in endometrial regeneration.

Choice D:

The perimetrium is the outer serosal layer covering the uterus; it provides structural covering but has no role in regenerating endometrium.

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Question 4:

A patient with a boggy uterus and heavy postpartum bleeding is most likely experiencing:

A. Endometriosis B. Uterine atony C. Fibroids D. Uterine prolapse

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Endometriosis involves ectopic endometrial tissue causing pelvic pain and infertility; it is unrelated to acute postpartum bleeding.

Choice B:

A boggy uterus on palpation with heavy postpartum bleeding indicates inadequate myometrial contraction, the hallmark of uterine atony, which is the most common cause of early postpartum hemorrhage.Rationale for incorrect answers

Choice C:

Fibroids (leiomyomas) are benign smooth muscle tumors that may cause menorrhagia and infertility but do not present acutely with boggy uterus and massive postpartum bleeding.

Choice D:

Uterine prolapse is descent of the uterus into or beyond the vaginal canal due to pelvic floor weakness, presenting with pelvic pressure, not acute postpartum hemorrhage.

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Question 5:

Which ligament contains the ovarian artery and vein?

A. Broad ligament B. Suspensory ligament C. Round ligament D. Uterosacral ligament

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The broad ligament is a double layer of peritoneum supporting the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, but it does not enclose the ovarian vessels within its main structure.

Choice B:

The suspensory ligament transmits the ovarian vessels, making it clinically significant in oophorectomy where it must be ligated to control bleeding.Rationale for incorrect answers

Choice C:

The round ligament extends from the uterine fundus through the inguinal canal to the labia majora, containing mainly connective tissue, arteries of the round ligament, and nerves, not the ovarian vessels.

Choice D:

The uterosacral ligament extends from the uterus to the sacrum and contains connective tissue and autonomic nerves; it has no ovarian vessels.

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Practice Exercise 2

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