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A decrease in basal body temperature (BBT) is not associated with ovulation. In fact, BBT remains low during the follicular phase, and then rises by approximately 0.5 to 1.0°F (0.3 to 0.6°C) after ovulation. This temperature increase is due to the thermogenic effects of progesterone, which is produced by the corpus luteum in the luteal phase. Therefore, a rise, not a decrease, in BBT is the correct physical sign.

Cervical mucus does change during ovulation, but the change is not a generalized thickening. Under the influence of rising estrogen, cervical mucus becomes thin, clear, and stretchy, resembling raw egg whites. This "fertile" mucus, known as EWM (egg white mucus), facilitates the movement of sperm through the cervix and into the uterus. After ovulation, progesterone causes the mucus to become thick and opaque.

Endometrial shedding is the process of menstruation, which is the beginning of the menstrual cycle, not an event of ovulation. Ovulation occurs mid-cycle, following the follicular phase where the uterine lining (endometrium) has thickened. Endometrial shedding is the result of the breakdown of the uterine lining due to a drop in progesterone and estrogen levels when pregnancy does not occur.

A blood loss volume of 10–20 mL is considered a very light period, also known as hypomenorrhea. While some women may naturally have lighter periods, a consistently low volume can be a sign of underlying hormonal imbalances, a very thin endometrial lining, or other medical conditions. It does not represent the average or typical blood loss for most menstruating individuals.

A blood loss volume of 80–120 mL falls into the range of heavy menstrual bleeding or menorrhagia. Menorrhagia is defined as menstrual blood loss exceeding 80 mL per cycle. This can be caused by various factors, including uterine fibroids, hormonal imbalances, and bleeding disorders. It is not considered a typical or normal volume and can lead to symptoms of anemia, such as fatigue.

A blood loss volume of 120–150 mL is significantly higher than the normal range and is a clear indicator of menorrhagia. This level of blood loss can be clinically significant, potentially causing iron deficiency anemia and interfering with a woman's daily life. It requires medical evaluation to identify and treat the underlying cause.

Amenorrhea refers to the absence of menstruation. It is defined as a lack of menstruation for at least 3 consecutive cycles in a woman who has previously menstruated (secondary amenorrhea) or the failure to start menstruating by age 15 (primary amenorrhea). It is a distinct condition from painful menstruation.

Oligomenorrhea refers to infrequent or light menstruation, characterized by menstrual cycles that are longer than 35 days. This condition is often associated with anovulation and can be caused by hormonal imbalances. It describes the frequency of periods, not the presence of pain during them.

Menorrhagia refers to abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, which is defined as a blood loss of more than 80 mL or a duration of more than 7 days. While menorrhagia can be associated with pain (dysmenorrhea), the term itself specifically describes the volume and duration of bleeding, not the pain.