Review Practice Exercise 1

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Practice Exercise 1

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Total Questions : 5

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Question 1:

Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most appropriate for a client with a body mass index (BMI) of 35?

A. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements B. Obesity C. Overweight D. Deficient Knowledge

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements: This diagnosis is used when intake is insufficient to meet metabolic needs and is typically associated with underweight or weight loss.

Choice B:

Obesity: NANDA-I uses “Obesity” for individuals with excess body fat-objectively supported by BMI ≥30 kg/m².

Choice C:

Overweight generally corresponds to BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m².

Choice D:

Deficient Knowledge: This may be appropriate only if assessment reveals knowledge gaps (e.g., misconceptions about nutrition/activity).

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Question 2:

Two months ago a client weighed 195 pounds. The current weight is 182 pounds. Calculate the client’s percentage of weight loss and determine its significance.

A. % weight loss B. Not significant C. Significant weight loss D. Severe weight loss

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

% weight loss: the percent loss is about 6.7%. If the test wanted the percent, this is the numeric result - but by itself it does not state whether the loss is clinically significant.

Choice B:

Unintended weight loss is important clinically clue to malnutrition, disease, or inadequate intake. Calculate percent weight loss to judge clinical significance: small absolute losses can be important when compared to baseline weight and timeframe.

Original weight = 195 lb

Current weight = 182 lb

Weight loss = 195 − 182 = 13 lb.

Percent weight loss = (weight loss ÷ original weight) × 100
= (13 ÷ 195) × 100.

= 6.666 %, round to 6.7%

Not significant: If the weight loss has been steady during the past 2 months, that would indicate a 3.3% loss per month. Less than 5% loss in 1 month is not significant.

Choice C:

Significant weight loss: Not significant yet, because <5% per month.

Choice D:

Severe weight loss: “Severe” usually implies a larger percentage (e.g., ≥10% over a few months or higher depending on criteria); 6.7% is significant but not typically labeled “severe.”

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Question 3:

When reviewing a patient’s dietary intake, the nurse would identify which nutrient as providing the most concentrated source of energy in the body?

A. Protein B. Carbohydrates C. Fat D. Macrominerals

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Protein: Provides 4 kcal/gram, mainly used for tissue building and repair, not the most concentrated energy source.

Choice B:

Carbohydrates: Also provides 4 kcal/gram, but they are the body’s primary energy source, not the most concentrated.

Choice C:

Fat: Provides 9 kcal/gram, making it the most concentrated energy source. It also helps with fat-soluble vitamin absorption and insulation.

Choice D:

Macrominerals: Do not provide energy (no calories); instead, they are needed for metabolic processes (e.g., calcium, potassium).

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Question 4:

Which statement made by the parents of a 2-month-old infant requires further education by the nurse?

A. “I’ll continue to use formula for the baby until he is at least a year old.” B. “I’ll make sure that I purchase iron-fortified formula.” C. “I’ll start feeding the baby cereal at 4 months.” D. “I’m going to alternate formula with whole milk, starting next month.”

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

“I’ll continue to use formula for the baby until he is at least a year old.” Formula or breast milk should be the infant’s primary nutrition for the first 12 months.

Choice B:

“I’ll make sure that I purchase iron-fortified formula.” Prevents iron deficiency anemia, which is common in formula-fed infants if non-fortified formula is used.

Choice C:

“I’ll start feeding the baby cereal at 4 months.” Though some guidelines recommend exclusive breast milk or formula until ~6 months, many pediatricians allow iron-fortified cereal introduction between 4-6 months.

Choice D:

“I’m going to alternate formula with whole milk, starting next month.” Cow’s milk should not be given before 12 months because it lacks iron and other essential nutrients, and increases risk of anemia and intestinal bleeding.

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Question 5:

When discussing a weight-reduction plan with Mrs. Young, the nurse would explain that 1 lb of body fat is equal to about how many calories?

A. 1,500 cal B. 2,400 cal C. 3,500 cal D. 5,000 cal

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

1,500 cal: This underestimates the energy value of body fat and would mislead the client about the amount of caloric deficit needed for weight loss.

Choice B:

2,400 cal: While closer, this still underestimates the standard accepted value of 3,500 calories per pound of fat.

Choice C:

3,500 cal: One pound of body fat equals approximately 3,500 calories, so a 500-calorie daily deficit leads to ~1 lb of fat loss per week.

Choice D:

5,000 cal: This overestimates and may create unrealistic expectations for caloric restriction or activity.

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Practice Exercise 1

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