Review Practice Exercise 1

Drugs Used to Treat Dyslipidemias > Pharmacology

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Practice Exercise 1

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Total Questions : 3

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Question 1:

A patient has a serum cholesterol level of 265 mg/dL, triglyceride level of 235 mg/dL, and LDL of 180 mg/dL. What do these serum levels indicate?

A. Hypolipidemia B. Normolipidemia C. Hyperlipidemia D. Alipidemia

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Hypolipidemia: This refers to abnormally low lipid levels, which is not the case here since all values are above normal.

Choice B:

Normolipidemia: Normal lipid levels fall within the ranges listed above, but this patient’s values are well above normal limits.

Choice C:

Hyperlipidemia: The normal ranges for lipid values are: Total cholesterol: <200 mg/dL. Triglycerides: <150 mg/dL. LDL: <100 mg/dL (optimal), 100–129 near optimal.This patient’s results (cholesterol 265, triglycerides 235, LDL 180) are all significantly elevated, confirming the diagnosis of hyperlipidemia.Rationales for incorrect answers:

Choice D:

Alipidemia: This term indicates an absence of lipids, which is not possible in human physiology and is not represented by the patient’s elevated values.

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Question 2:

The nurse knows that a patient’s total cholesterol level should be within which range?

A. 150 to 200 mg/dL B. 200 to 225 mg/dL C. 225 to 250 mg/dL D. >250 mg/dL

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

150 to 200 mg/dL: This is considered the desirable range for total cholesterol in adults. Levels within this range are associated with lower risk for cardiovascular disease, reflecting balanced lipid metabolism. Maintaining cholesterol within this range is a primary goal of preventive care and lipid-lowering therapy.Rationales for incorrect answers:

Choice B:

200 to 225 mg/dL: This range is considered borderline high. Patients with cholesterol in this range may require dietary modifications, exercise, and possibly medication to prevent cardiovascular complications.

Choice C:

225 to 250 mg/dL: This range is high and significantly increases the risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. It warrants active intervention and close monitoring.

Choice D:

>250 mg/dL: Total cholesterol above 250 mg/dL is very high and places the patient at a markedly increased risk for heart disease and stroke. Immediate lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic treatment are typically indicated.

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Question 3:

A patient has a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of 175 mg/ dL and a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 30 mg/dL. What teaching should the nurse implement for this patient?

A. Discuss medications ordered, dietary changes, and exercise. B. No changes in lifestyle are needed and continue with current plan. C. Discuss how to have fat intake be 40% of caloric intake. D. Begin keeping a food diary and schedule lab work to be repeated in 6 months.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Discuss medications ordered, dietary changes, and exercise: An LDL greater than 160 mg/dL is considered high, and an HDL less than 40 mg/dL (in men) or less than 50 mg/dL (in women) is considered low. Both findings increase cardiovascular risk. The combination of drug therapy (such as statins), dietary adjustments (reducing saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol), and regular aerobic exercise is the standard approach to managing these abnormal lipid values.Rationales for incorrect answers:

Choice B:

No changes in lifestyle are needed and continue with current plan: This would be unsafe. The patient has significantly abnormal lipid levels that increase the risk of coronary artery disease. Continuing without intervention would neglect essential preventive care.

Choice C:

Discuss how to have fat intake be 40% of caloric intake: This recommendation is incorrect. Current guidelines suggest limiting fat intake to about 25–35% of total calories, with less than 7% from saturated fats. Increasing fat intake to 40% would worsen the lipid profile.

Choice D:

Begin keeping a food diary and schedule lab work to be repeated in 6 months: While food diaries are helpful, delaying action for 6 months would not be appropriate given the patient’s high-risk lipid profile. Early intervention is needed.

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Total Questions : 3

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Practice Exercise 1

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