Review Practice Exercise 1

The Female Reproductive System > Maternal Newborn

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Practice Exercise 1

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Total Questions : 5

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Question 1:

Which ligament connects the ovary to the uterus?

A. Broad ligament B. Ovarian ligament C. Suspensory ligament D. Round ligament

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The broad ligament is a double layer of peritoneum that supports the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. It does not directly connect the ovary to the uterus. Instead, it serves as a mesentery and contains the ovarian ligament, round ligament, and suspensory ligament within its subdivisions (mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium).

Choice B:

The ovarian ligament directly connects the ovary to the uterus at the uterine cornu. This anatomical relationship is specific and distinguishes it from other pelvic ligaments. Its origin from the gubernaculum and its location within the mesovarium confirm its role in anchoring the ovary to the uterus.Rationale for incorrect answers

Choice C:

The suspensory ligament of the ovary connects the lateral pole of the ovary to the pelvic wall and contains the ovarian vessels. It is involved in vascular supply, not structural connection to the uterus. Its role is to suspend the ovary and facilitate blood flow, not to anchor it to the uterus.

Choice D:

The round ligament extends from the uterine cornu through the inguinal canal to the labia majora. It originates from the gubernaculum but does not connect to the ovary. Its function is to maintain anteversion of the uterus, not to stabilize the ovary.

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Question 2:

Which are functions of progesterone? Select all that apply:

A. Increases basal body temperature B. Maintains uterine lining during pregnancy C. Stimulates ovulation D. Softens pelvic ligaments E. Promotes endometrial growth

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Progesterone increases basal body temperature by acting on the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center, raising temperature by 0.3–0.5 °C after ovulation. This physiologic rise helps in ovulation detection.

Choice B:

Progesterone maintains the uterine lining by supporting secretory phase changes in the endometrium, preventing shedding during pregnancy. It suppresses myometrial contractility to allow embryo implantation and growth.

Choice C:

Progesterone does not stimulate ovulation; instead, luteinizing hormone (LH) surge from the anterior pituitary triggers ovulation. Progesterone levels rise only after ovulation in the luteal phase.

Choice D:

Progesterone softens pelvic ligaments, particularly during late pregnancy, by influencing connective tissue remodeling, aiding in birth canal flexibility.Rationale for incorrect answers

Choice E:

Progesterone does not promote endometrial growth; estrogen is the main hormone driving proliferative phase endometrial growth. Progesterone acts after proliferation to convert the endometrium into a secretory form for implantation.

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Question 3:

At which stage of meiosis is the secondary oocyte arrested until fertilization occurs?

A. Prophase I B. Metaphase II C. Anaphase II D. Telophase I

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Prophase I arrest occurs in primary oocytes from fetal life until puberty; this is before formation of the secondary oocyte.

Choice B:

The secondary oocyte is arrested in metaphase II due to cytostatic factor, maintaining meiotic arrest until fertilization. Sperm entry activates calcium-dependent pathways that resume meiosis II, producing the ovum and second polar body.Rationale for incorrect answers

Choice C:

Anaphase II is the stage where sister chromatids separate during completion of meiosis II; it occurs only after fertilization starts, not before.

Choice D:

Telophase I follows anaphase I when primary oocytes complete meiosis I; this produces the secondary oocyte but is not the arrest point before fertilization.

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Question 4:

Which ovarian hormone primarily inhibits FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary?

A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. Inhibin D. Relaxin

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Estrogen can exert both negative and positive feedback on gonadotropin release, but its negative feedback affects both LH and FSH; selective inhibition of FSH is mainly by inhibin.

Choice B:

Progesterone primarily inhibits GnRH pulse frequency and has stronger effects on LH suppression; it is not the main selective inhibitor of FSH.

Choice C:

Inhibin directly inhibits FSH release by acting on the anterior pituitary gonadotrophs, providing negative feedback to regulate follicular development and prevent multiple dominant follicles in a cycle.Rationale for incorrect answers

Choice D:

Relaxin is produced by the corpus luteum and placenta, mainly to soften pelvic ligaments and prepare the cervix for labor, with no significant role in FSH suppression.

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Question 5:

Approximately how many oocytes will mature and be ovulated during a woman’s reproductive lifespan?

A. 50–100 B. 100–200 C. 400–500 D. 1,000–2,000

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

50–100 is too low, as this would account for fewer than 10 years of ovulatory cycles, which is far shorter than the normal reproductive span.

Choice B:

100–200 is still below the expected number, corresponding to fewer than 20 years of ovulations.

Choice C:

Over an average reproductive lifespan, with approximately 1 ovulation per menstrual cycle and about 12 cycles per year, only around 400–500 oocytes are released; the rest undergo atresia.Rationale for incorrect answers

Choice D:

1,000–2,000 is too high, as this would require more than double the number of ovulatory cycles that normally occur in a woman’s reproductive life.

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Practice Exercise 1

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