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Metabolic alkalosis is a condition in which the blood pH is elevated due to an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of acid. It can be caused by vomiting, diuretics, or excessive antacid intake. It is not associated with COPD.

Respiratory alkalosis is a condition in which the blood pH is elevated due to a loss of carbon dioxide. It can be caused by hyperventilation, anxiety, fever, or aspirin overdose. It is not common in COPD patients.

Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which the blood pH is lowered due to an excess of acid or a loss of bicarbonate. It can be caused by diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, or lactic acidosis. It is not directly related to COPD.

Applying an oil-based lubricant to the indwelling urinary catheter is not recommended, as it can damage the latex material and increase the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). The nurse should use a water-soluble lubricant instead.

Testing the balloon on the indwelling urinary catheter before insertion is a good practice, as it ensures that the balloon is functioning properly and does not leak or burst. The nurse should inflate and deflate the balloon with sterile water or saline using a syringe.

Using one cotton swab to clean the client's urinary meatus is not sufficient, as it may not remove all the bacteria and debris. The nurse should use at least three cotton swabs and clean the meatus from front to back in a circular motion. The nurse should also use an antiseptic solution such as chlorhexidine or povidone-iodine.

Storing oxygen tanks upright is not a necessary instruction for home oxygen therapy. Oxygen tanks can be stored horizontally or vertically, as long as they are secured and away from heat sources.

Using petroleum-based ointments to moisturize lips is not advisable for clients who use home oxygen therapy. Petroleum-based products can ignite in the presence of oxygen and cause burns. The nurse should recommend water-based products instead.

Choosing a wool blanket when using oxygen is not a good idea for home oxygen therapy. Wool is a synthetic material that can generate static electricity and ignite oxygen. The nurse should suggest cotton or other natural fabrics instead.

Respiratory acidosis is a condition in which the blood pH is lowered due to an accumulation of carbon dioxide. It can be caused by hypoventilation, airway obstruction, or lung diseases. It is not related to nausea and vomiting.

Metabolic acidosis is a condition in which the blood pH is lowered due to an excess of acid or a loss of bicarbonate. It can be caused by diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, or lactic acidosis. It is not caused by nausea and vomiting.

Respiratory alkalosis is a condition in which the blood pH is elevated due to a loss
carbon dioxide. It can be caused by hyperventilation, anxiety, fever, or aspirin overdose. It is not common in clients who have nausea and vomiting.

The pulmonary veins are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. They are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood in the body.

The left ventricle is the chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the aorta. It does not directly connect to the lungs.

The left atrium is the chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins. It does not directly connect to the right ventricle.

Facial flushing is not a symptom of oxygen toxicity. It can be caused by other conditions such as fever, allergic reactions, or alcohol consumption.

Periorbital edema is not a symptom of oxygen toxicity. It can be caused by other conditions such as kidney disease, heart failure, or allergies.

Metallic taste in mouth is not a symptom of oxygen toxicity. It can be caused by other conditions such as medication side effects, dental problems, or infections.

Doing wheelchair exercises sitting in the chair is a correct statement, as it helps to prevent pressure ulcers, improve circulation, and maintain muscle tone.

Needing to catheterize oneself twice a day is a correct statement, as it helps to prevent urinary tract infections, bladder distension, and kidney damage.

Carrying a water bottle with me because I drink a lot of water is a correct statement, as it helps to prevent dehydration, constipation, and urinary tract infections.

Requesting that the provider prescribe a stool softener is not the best action for the nurse to take, as it may cause dependency, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalance. The nurse should try non-pharmacological interventions first, such as increasing fluid and fiber intake, promoting physical activity, and establishing a regular bowel routine.

Promoting active range-of-motion activities is a good action for the nurse to take, as it helps to improve circulation, muscle tone, and bowel motility. The nurse should assist the client to perform exercises that are appropriate for their level of mobility and endurance.

Avoiding gas-producing foods is not a necessary action for the nurse to take, as it does not directly affect constipation. Gas-producing foods, such as beans, cabbage, and broccoli, may cause bloating and discomfort, but they do not cause or worsen constipation.

Crackles auscultated over the client's lung fields are not a sign of pleural effusion. Crackles are abnormal breath sounds that indicate fluid or secretions in the alveoli. They can be heard in conditions such as pneumonia, heart failure, or pulmonary edema.

Crepitus palpated on the client's chest is not a sign of pleural effusion. Crepitus is a crackling sensation that occurs when air leaks into the subcutaneous tissue. It can be felt in conditions such as pneumothorax, chest trauma, or chest surgery.

Substernal retractions noted on the client's chest are not a sign of pleural effusion. Substernal retractions are inward movements of the chest wall below the sternum that indicate increased respiratory effort. They can be seen in conditions such as asthma, bronchiolitis, or croup.