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Genitourinary System

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Total Questions : 5

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Question 1:

A nurse is assessing a client who is 75 years old and has a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A. Decreased urinary frequency. B. Increased urine concentration. C. Decreased bladder capacity. D. Increased kidney size.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Ths is wrong because BPH causes increased urinary frequency, not decreased.This is due to the reduced bladder capacity and the residual urine that remains in the bladder after urination.

Choice B:

This is wrong because BPH does not affect urine concentration directly.However, some medications used to treat BPH, such as diuretics, may increase urine concentration by removing excess fluid from the body.

Choice C:

This is because benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition in which the prostate gland enlarges and compresses the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the bladder.This can cause difficulty in emptying the bladder completely, leading to increased frequency and urgency of urination, especially at night.The bladder may also lose its elasticity and ability to hold urine as it becomes overstretched.

Choice D:

This is wrong because BPH does not cause increased kidney size.However, untreated BPH can lead to complications such as urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and kidney damage due to backflow of urine or obstruction of urine flow

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Question 2:

A nurse is teaching a group of older adults about the effects of aging on the reproductive system. Which of the following statements should the nurse include as correct?

(Select all that apply.).

A. “Women may experience vaginal dryness and atrophy due to decreased estrogen levels.”. B. “Men may have difficulty achieving erection due to increased testosterone levels.”. C. “Women may have cessation of menstruation and decreased fertility due to decreased ovarian function.”. D. “Men may have decreased sperm production and quality due to decreased testicular function.”. E. “Both genders may have delayed sexual response due to decreased blood flow and nerve sensitivity.”.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This is correct because women may experiencevaginal dryness and atrophy due to decreased estrogen levelsafter menopause.

This can cause pain during sexual activity and increase the risk of vaginal infections and irritation.

Choice B:

This is wrong because men may have difficulty achieving erection due todecreasedtestosterone levels, not increased.

Testosterone is the hormone that stimulates sexual desire and erectile function in men, and it declines with age.

Choice C:

This is correct because women may havecessation of menstruation and decreased fertility due to decreased ovarian functionafter menopause.

The ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone, and stop releasing eggs.

Choice D:

This is correct because men may havedecreased sperm production and quality due to decreased testicular functionwith age. The testicles shrink in size and produce less sperm, which may also have lower motility and more abnormalities.

This can affect male fertility and sexual performance.

Choice E:

This is correct because both genders may havedelayed sexual response due to decreased blood flow and nerve sensitivitywith age.

The blood vessels and nerves that supply the genital organs become less efficient, resulting in longer time to achieve arousal, orgasm, and erection.

This can also affect sexual satisfaction and pleasure.

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Question 3:

A nurse is caring for a client who is 80 years old and has a urinary tract infection.The client reports feeling thirsty and having a headache.

Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

A. “You should drink more fluids to prevent dehydration.”. B. “You should limit your fluid intake to avoid overloading your kidneys.”. C. “You should avoid caffeinated beverages to reduce bladder irritation.”. D. “You should check your urine color and odor to monitor for infection.”.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Dehydration is a common complication of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the elderly, and it can cause headaches, confusion, fatigue, and increased risk of infection.Drinking more fluids can help flush out the bacteria from the urinary tract and prevent further complications.

Choice B:

This is wrong because limiting fluid intake can worsen dehydration and kidney function.

Choice C:

This is wrong because caffeinated beverages do not cause bladder irritation, although they may increase urine frequency.

Choice D:

This is wrong because checking urine color and odor is not a reliable way to monitor for infection, as these can be affected by other factors such as diet, medication, or hydration status.

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Question 4:

A nurse is providing education to a client who is 65 years old and has erectile dysfunction. The client asks about the use of sildenafil (Viagra).

Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

A. “You can take this medication as needed before sexual activity.”. B. “You should not take this medication if you have a history of heart disease.”. C. “You may experience flushing, headache and nasal congestion as side effects.”. D. “You should avoid grapefruit juice and alcohol while taking this medication.”.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This is wrong because sildenafil is not a medication that can be taken as needed before sexual activity.It should be taken about an hour before sexual activity, and not more than once a day.

Taking it too often or too close to sexual activity can increase the risk of side effects or interactions with other drugs.

Choice B:

This wrong because sildenafil is not contraindicated for people who have a history of heart disease.However, it should be used with caution and under medical supervision, as it can lower blood pressure and interact with some medications that are used to treat heart conditions, such as nitrates and riociguat.

People who have heart disease should consult their doctor before taking sildenafil and follow their instructions carefully.

Choice C:

“You may experience flushing, headache and nasal congestion as side effects.” Sildenafil (Viagra) is a medication that belongs to a group of drugs called phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors.It works by relaxing the muscles and blood vessels in the penis, allowing more blood to flow and causing an erection when sexually stimulated.However, it can also cause some common side effects such as flushing, headache and nasal congestion.

These are usually mild and temporary, but they can be bothersome for some people.

Choice D:

This is wrong because sildenafil does not interact with grapefruit juice or alcohol.However, grapefruit juice and alcohol can affect the absorption and metabolism of sildenafil, which can make it less effective or increase the risk of side effects.

Therefore, it is advisable to limit or avoid grapefruit juice and alcohol while taking sildenafil.

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Question 5:

A nurse is conducting a health screening for a group of older adults at a community center. The nurse notices that one of the women has sagging breasts and asks her about her breast health. Which of the following responses should the nurse expect from the woman?

A. “I have noticed that my breasts have become smaller and less firm as I age.”. B. “I have difficulty finding bras that fit me well and provide enough support.”. C. “I perform monthly breast self-examinations to check for any lumps or changes.”. D. “I have regular mammograms every year to screen for breast cancer.”.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This is a normal and expected change in the breasts of older women, as the ligaments that support the breast tissue stretch and lose elasticity over time, and the breast fullness is compromised by the loss of fat and mammary ducts.Gravity, smoking, sunburn, and weight fluctuations can also contribute to breast sagging.

Choice B:

This is wrong because it is not a response that reflects the woman’s awareness of her breast health, but rather a personal preference or difficulty.Wearing a supportive bra can help maintain breast shape and lift, but it cannot prevent or reverse sagging.

Choice C:

This is wrong because it is not a response that indicates the woman has noticed any changes in her breasts due to aging, but rather a preventive measure that she performs to check for any abnormalities.Performing monthly breast self-examinations is recommended for all women, regardless of age or breast size.

Choice D:

This is wrong because it is not a response that shows the woman has observed any changes in her breasts as she ages, but rather a screening tool that she uses to detect any signs of breast cancer.Having regular mammograms is advised for women over 40 years old, or earlier if they have a family history or other risk factors for breast cancer.

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Genitourinary System

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