Review Eyes, Ears, and Oral Cavity

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Eyes, Ears, and Oral Cavity

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Total Questions : 5

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Question 1:

A nurse is assessing a newborn’s eyes.

The nurse should identify that which of the following is an expected finding?

A. The newborn has blue or gray eyes at birth. B. The newborn has a red reflex in both eyes. C. The newborn has a nystagmus when looking to the side. D. The newborn has a strabismus when focusing on an object.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This statement is wrong because eye color can vary at birth and may change over time.Eye color is determined by the amount and distribution of melanin in the iris.

Choice B:

The newborn has a red reflex in both eyes.This is an expected finding that indicates the absence of cataracts or other eye abnormalities.The red reflex test is performed by using an ophthalmoscope to shine a light into the baby’s eyes and observing the reflection.

Choice C:

This statement is wrong because nystagmus is an abnormal eye movement that can indicate a neurological problem or a visual impairment.

Choice D:

This statement is wrong because strabismus is a misalignment of the eyes that can cause amblyopia (lazy eye) or double vision.Strabismus may be present at birth or develop later in life.

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Question 2:

A nurse is examining a newborn’s ears.

The nurse should identify that which of the following findings may indicate a chromosomal disorder?

A. The newborn has low-set ears. B. The newborn has small ear canals. C. The newborn has dry cerumen in the ears. D. The newborn has prominent antihelices.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Low-set ears are ears that are positioned below the normal horizontal line drawn across both inner canthi of the eyes.Low-set ears may indicate a chromosomal disorder, such asDiGeorge syndromeorNoonan syndrome, or other congenital anomalies.

Choice B:

Small ear canals are not a sign of a chromosomal disorder, but rather a variation of normal anatomy.

Choice C:

Dry cerumen in the ears is not a sign of a chromosomal disorder, but rather a result of dehydration or lack of humidity.

Choice D:

Prominent antihelices are not a sign of a chromosomal disorder, but rather a normal feature of the external ear.

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Question 3:

A nurse is inspecting a newborn’s oral cavity.

The nurse should identify that which of the following findings is a normal variation?

A. Epstein’s pearls on the gums or palate. B. Thrush on the tongue or gums. C. Petechiae on the hard palate. D. Yellowing of the hard palate.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Epstein’s pearls on the gums or palate are small, white cysts that are common and harmless in newborns.

They usually disappear within a few weeks without treatment.

Choice B:

Thrush on the tongue or gums is a fungal infection that causes white patches and soreness in the oral cavity.

It is not a normal variation and may require antifungal medication.

Choice C:

Petechiae on the hard palate are tiny red spots that indicate bleeding under the skin.

They are not a normal variation and may be caused by trauma, infection, or clotting disorders.

Choice D:

Yellowing of the hard palate is a sign of jaundice, which is a condition where the skin and mucous membranes turn yellow due to high levels of bilirubin in the blood.

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Question 4:

A nurse is caring for a newborn who has thrush, an oral fungal infection.

Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer to treat this condition?

A. Nystatin B. Acyclovir C. Amoxicillin D. Fluconazole

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Nystatin is an antifungal medicine that can be given as drops to treat oral thrush, a fungal infection in the mouth, in newborns.

Choice B:

Acyclovir is an antiviral medicine that is used to treat infections caused by herpes viruses, such as cold sores or genital herpes.

It is not effective against fungal infections like thrush.

Choice C:

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic medicine that is used to treat bacterial infections, such as ear infections or pneumonia.

It can actually increase the risk of developing thrush by killing the normal bacteria in the mouth that help prevent fungal overgrowth.

Choice D:

Fluconazole is another antifungal medicine that can be used to treat thrush in some cases, especially in immunocompromised infants or when nystatin is not effective.

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Question 5:

A nurse is teaching a new mother about how to care for her newborn’s eyes, ears, and oral cavity.

Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply).

A. Clean the newborn’s eyes with warm water and cotton balls from the inner to the outer canthus. B. Use a bulb syringe to suction any drainage from the newborn’s ears. C. Wipe the newborn’s gums with a damp cloth after each feeding. D. Avoid using cotton-tipped applicators to clean the newborn’s ears. E. Report any signs of eye infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge, to the provider.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

The nurse should instruct the mother to clean the newborn’s eyes with warm water and cotton balls from the inner to the outer canthus to prevent infection and remove any discharge

Choice B:

Using a bulb syringe to suction any drainage from the newborn’s ears can cause trauma or infection

Choice C:

Wipe the newborn’s gums with a damp cloth after each feeding is wrong

Choice D:

The nurse should also advise the mother to avoid using cotton-tipped applicators to clean the newborn’s ears because they can damage the eardrum or push cerumen deeper into the ear canal.

Choice E:

The nurse should tell the mother to report any signs of eye infection, such as redness, swelling, or discharge, to the provider as soon as possible.

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Eyes, Ears, and Oral Cavity

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