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Reason: Sexual abuse is the involvement of a child in sexual activity that he or she does not fully comprehend, is unable to give informed consent to, or for which the child is not developmentally prepared and cannot give consent. Sexual abuse can include contact and non-contact acts, such as touching, fondling, oral sex, penetration, exposure, or pornography. Sexual abuse can also cause emotional and psychological harm to the child, but it is not the same as emotional abuse.

Reason: Psychological abuse is similar to emotional abuse, but it also involves the manipulation of a child's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. Psychological abuse can include brainwashing, gaslighting, indoctrination, or coercion. Psychological abuse can cause confusion, anxiety, depression, or dissociation in the child.

Reason: Neglect is the failure to provide for a child's basic physical, emotional, educational, or medical needs. Neglect can include inadequate food, clothing, shelter, hygiene, supervision, affection, education, or health care. Neglect can also cause physical and emotional harm to the child, but it is not the same as emotional abuse.

Reason: Denial is a psychological defense mechanism that involves refusing to accept or acknowledge the reality or severity of a situation. Denial can occur as a result of trauma, such as sexual abuse, to avoid the negative emotions and consequences associated with it. Denial can manifest as disbelief, rationalization, minimization, or avoidance.

Reason: Regression is a psychological defense mechanism that involves reverting to an earlier stage of development or behavior that is more comfortable or familiar. Regression can occur as a result of trauma, such as sexual abuse, to escape from the current distress and anxiety. Regression can manifest as thumb-sucking, bed-wetting, clinging, tantrums, or baby talk.

Reason: Repression is a psychological defense mechanism that involves unconsciously blocking out or forgetting unpleasant or traumatic memories or feelings. Repression can occur as a result of trauma, such as sexual abuse, to protect oneself from the emotional pain and conflict associated with it. Repression can manifest as memory loss, confusion, or lack of insight.

Reason: This statement reflects the child's anger and resentment towards the abuser. Anger is a normal and healthy emotion that can help the child cope with the abuse and assert his or her rights and boundaries. However, anger can also be harmful if it is expressed inappropriately or excessively.

Reason: This statement reflects the child's denial or idealization of the abuser. Denial or idealization is a psychological defense mechanism that involves refusing to acknowledge or exaggerating the positive aspects of the abuser or the relationship. Denial or idealization can occur as a result of trauma bonding, Stockholm syndrome, or cognitive dissonance.

Reason: This statement reflects the child's dissociation or numbness towards the abuser. Dissociation or numbness is a psychological defense mechanism that involves detaching from one's thoughts, feelings, memories, or sense of identity. Dissociation or numbness can occur as a result of trauma, such as emotional abuse, to cope with the overwhelming stress and pain.

Reason: Primary prevention is the level of intervention that aims to prevent a problem or condition from occurring in the first place. Primary prevention can include education, awareness, or advocacy campaigns for the general public or specific populations at risk. Primary prevention can help reduce the incidence and prevalence of child abuse and neglect in society.

Reason: Secondary prevention is the level of intervention that aims to detect and intervene in a problem or condition at an early stage before it becomes more serious or chronic. Secondary prevention can include screening, assessment, or reporting tools and methods for professionals or individuals who work with or encounter children and families. Secondary prevention can help identify and protect the victims and perpetrators of child abuse and neglect and provide appropriate intervention and support.

Reason: Quaternary prevention is the level of intervention that aims to avoid or reduce the harm or waste of unnecessary or excessive interventions for a problem or condition. Quaternary prevention can include monitoring, evaluation, or feedback mechanisms for professionals or organizations who provide services or interventions for children and families.
Quaternary prevention can help ensure the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of the interventions and services for child abuse and neglect.

Reason: Notifying the child protection services is an important action that the nurse should take when caring for a child who has been physically abused, but it is not the priority action. The nurse should report any suspected or confirmed cases of child abuse and neglect to protect the child from further harm and to ensure appropriate intervention and support for the child and family. However, the nurse should first address the child's immediate needs, such as pain relief and comfort measures, before reporting.

Reason: Documenting the findings in the medical record is an essential action that the nurse should take when caring for a child who has been physically abused, but it is not the priority action. The nurse should document any signs and symptoms of maltreatment, such as bruises, fractures, burns, or wounds, in an objective, accurate, and detailed manner. The nurse should also use body maps or diagrams to illustrate the location, size, shape, color, and pattern of the injuries. The nurse should also document any statements made by the child or the parents that are relevant to the abuse. However, the nurse should first address the child's immediate needs, such as pain relief and comfort measures, before documenting.

Reason: Interviewing the child and the parents separately is a necessary action that the nurse should take when caring for a child who has been physically abused, but it is not the priority action. The nurse should interview the child and the parents separately to obtain a history of the abuse and to assess their relationship and dynamics. The nurse should use open-ended questions, avoid leading or suggestive questions, and use developmentally appropriate language and techniques. The nurse should also observe their behaviors, expressions, and interactions for any clues or discrepancies. However, the nurse should first address the child's immediate needs, such as pain relief and comfort measures, before interviewing.

Reason: This statement is correct because it indicates that the parent understands one of the signs of sexual abuse in children. The parent should be concerned if their child suddenly becomes afraid of being alone with certain people, such as relatives, friends, teachers, or caregivers. This could indicate that their child has been sexually abused by someone they know and trust.

Reason: This statement is correct because it indicates that the parent understands one of the signs of sexual abuse in children. The parent should be alert if their child starts to have nightmares, bedwetting, or sleep problems. These could indicate that their child is experiencing fear, anxiety, or trauma as a result of sexual abuse.

Reason: This statement is correct because it indicates that the parent understands one of the signs of sexual abuse in children. The parent should pay attention if their child develops genital infections, injuries, or bleeding. These could indicate that their child has been physically harmed by sexual abuse.