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Hepatitis B vaccine is not indicated in this situation unless the mother is unvaccinated or high risk. It does not prevent alloimmunization and is unrelated to Rh factor status. The timing of hepatitis B vaccination is independent of maternal Rh typing.

Screening for Group B Streptococcus is done between 35–37 weeks, not at 28 weeks. The rationale is that colonization status can change during pregnancy, so screening earlier may not provide accurate guidance for intrapartum prophylaxis.

Pap smears are not indicated routinely during pregnancy unless cervical screening is due. Performing a Pap smear at 28 weeks offers no benefit in preventing Rh incompatibility and is not part of standard prenatal care at this gestational age.

Fundal height does not directly assess maternal weight gain. Maternal weight gain is measured using a scale, and normal recommended gain for a woman with normal BMI is 11.5–16 kg.

Determination of fetal lie and presentation is done using Leopold’s maneuvers and ultrasound, not fundal height measurement. Fundal height does not indicate fetal orientation.

Fetal heart rate variability is monitored using electronic fetal monitoring or Doppler auscultation, not fundal height. Variability is assessed in beats per minute and reflects fetal well-being.

Gestational diabetes mellitus usually presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia due to glucose intolerance. It is diagnosed with an oral glucose tolerance test. It does not cause neurologic symptoms such as headaches and blurred vision.

Iron deficiency anemia presents with fatigue, pallor, tachycardia, and low hemoglobin (<11 g/dL in pregnancy). It does not cause hypertension, headache, or visual disturbances.

Urinary tract infection in pregnancy typically causes dysuria, frequency, urgency, and suprapubic discomfort. Severe cases may cause flank pain or fever but not hypertension with neurologic symptoms.

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein is part of the second trimester quadruple screen, not the first trimester screen. Elevated levels are linked to neural tube defects, while low levels may indicate trisomy 21.

The one-hour glucose tolerance test is performed between 24–28 weeks gestation to screen for gestational diabetes mellitus. It is not used for aneuploidy risk assessment.

Group B Streptococcus culture is performed at 35–37 weeks to identify carriers who require intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. It has no role in first trimester aneuploidy screening.

Cooked chicken breast is safe in pregnancy if thoroughly cooked to an internal temperature of ≥74°C. Proper cooking destroys harmful pathogens such as Salmonella and Campylobacter.

Pasteurized milk is safe because pasteurization kills Listeria and other harmful bacteria. Unpasteurized milk, not pasteurized, poses infection risks in pregnancy.

Fully cooked vegetables are safe and provide essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Risk occurs only with raw or improperly washed vegetables that may harbor Toxoplasma gondii oocysts.

Mild ankle swelling is common in late pregnancy due to increased venous pressure and fluid retention. It is generally benign unless associated with hypertension or proteinuria, which would suggest preeclampsia.

Occasional heartburn results from progesterone-induced relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and uterine pressure on the stomach. While uncomfortable, it is not a warning sign.

Fatigue is a common symptom throughout pregnancy due to hormonal changes, increased metabolic demands, and anemia risk. It does not require urgent evaluation unless severe or associated with other symptoms.

Moderate alcohol consumption after the first trimester is not safe. The fetal brain continues developing throughout pregnancy, and alcohol can still cause growth and neurodevelopmental impairment.

It is not only heavy drinking that causes harm; even light or occasional drinking has been linked to subtle cognitive and behavioral issues. No level is safe.

Red wine is not permissible in pregnancy, regardless of its antioxidant content. The ethanol in wine carries the same teratogenic risks as other alcoholic beverages.

Fetal alcohol syndrome results from maternal alcohol use, not diabetes. It causes microcephaly, growth restriction, and facial dysmorphisms, unrelated to hyperglycemia.

Neonatal abstinence syndrome is caused by maternal opioid use, leading to withdrawal symptoms after birth. It is not linked to maternal diabetes.

Poor maternal glycemic control increases risk of respiratory distress syndrome due to delayed—not premature—lung maturation. High maternal glucose and insulin levels suppress fetal surfactant production, delaying pulmonary maturity.

Immunity to hepatitis B is determined by hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), not HBsAg. Presence of anti-HBs indicates vaccination or recovery from past infection.

HBsAg screening does not assess liver function. Liver function is measured with ALT, AST, bilirubin, and albumin, not HBsAg.

Maternal vaccination decisions are based on serology for anti-HBs and HBc antibodies, not HBsAg alone. HBsAg screening specifically targets prevention of neonatal transmission.

Fetal heart tones are typically assessed via Doppler starting at 10–12 weeks. Anatomy scan is not intended primarily for confirming heart activity.

Gestational diabetes screening is performed at 24–28 weeks using glucose tolerance testing. Anatomy scan does not assess maternal glucose metabolism.

Maternal risk for preeclampsia is assessed through blood pressure monitoring, urine protein evaluation, and maternal history. Ultrasound does not predict preeclampsia risk.