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Lack of medical insurance may contribute to delayed care or poor access to treatment, but it is not a direct physiological or neurological risk factor for delirium. Delirium is more closely associated with acute medical conditions, substance use, and neurological vulnerability.

A history of lymphoma may increase the risk for complications depending on treatment status, but it is not a primary risk factor for delirium unless associated with CNS involvement or chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, which is not specified here.

Female sex alone is not a significant independent risk factor for delirium. While age and comorbidities may differ by sex, delirium risk is more strongly tied to acute physiological or neurochemical disturbances.

While it may be comforting to inform the client they will return to their room, this is not a priority teaching point that directly impacts surgical outcomes or safety.

Delegating pain education to the recovery nurse is inappropriate. Preoperative education should include pain management strategies so the client is prepared and empowered to participate in their care.

Clients typically do not receive full meals in the recovery room. This statement may create false expectations and is not a standard part of preoperative teaching.

Oral herpes sores are viral lesions that typically resolve within a few days to weeks and are not classified as chronic wounds.

A surgical incision, if healing normally, is considered an acute wound. It only becomes chronic if complications such as infection or dehiscence occur.

A posterior scapular wound may become chronic if pressure-related or poorly managed, but it is not inherently chronic unless associated with pressure injury or underlying pathology.

Notifying the laboratory is important for follow-up and investigation, but it is not the first action. It should be done after stopping the transfusion.

Obtaining a urine specimen is part of the protocol to assess for hemoglobinuria, but it is not the immediate priority.

Informing the provider is necessary, but only after the transfusion has been stopped to prevent further harm.

Homan’s sign is no longer considered a reliable or safe diagnostic tool for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to low sensitivity and the risk of dislodging a clot.

Impedance plethysmography is less commonly used and less sensitive than duplex ultrasound for detecting DVT, especially in asymptomatic or distal cases.

Cold therapy is not appropriate for suspected DVT. It may cause vasoconstriction and worsen symptoms. Warm compresses may be used in some cases, but only after diagnosis and under provider direction.

White beans are not high in vitamin K and do not significantly interfere with warfarin metabolism. They are generally safe for clients on anticoagulant therapy.

Cantaloupe is low in vitamin K and does not pose a significant interaction risk with warfarin. It is safe to consume in moderation.

Spinach is very high in vitamin K and is a well-known food that can reduce warfarin’s effectiveness. Although not listed in the original choices, it is included here to reinforce the concept of vitamin K-rich foods being contraindicated.

While potassium is important for general health, there is no direct evidence that high potassium intake prevents hearing loss. This is not a recognized preventive strategy.

Limiting alcohol may benefit overall health, but moderate alcohol consumption is not directly linked to hearing loss prevention. Excessive alcohol, however, may contribute to auditory nerve damage.

Adequate hydration is important for systemic health but does not specifically reduce the risk of hearing loss.

Age is a non-modifiable risk factor. Stroke risk increases with age, but it cannot be changed through lifestyle or medical intervention.

Family history of cardiovascular disease is non-modifiable. It may increase risk but cannot be altered.

Sickle cell disease is a genetic condition and considered non-modifiable. However, its complications can be managed to reduce stroke risk.