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Emotional abuse: Emotional abuse involves behaviors that harm an individual’s self-worth or emotional well-being, such as name-calling, shaming, or isolating. While emotional abuse could be present, the physical signs of underweight and poor hygiene point more towards neglect.

Physical abuse: Physical abuse involves causing physical harm through actions such as hitting, slapping, or burning. There are no direct signs of physical trauma mentioned in the scenario, making physical abuse less likely.

Exploitation: Exploitation involves taking advantage of an individual for personal gain, often financially. The scenario does not provide information about financial or other forms of exploitation.

Take a time-out: A time-out is generally used for de-escalating situations in less severe cases and may not be effective if the client is already physically aggressive and a risk to staff.

Administer oral medication: Administering oral medication can help to calm the client, but it may not be immediately effective if the client is already aggressive and out of control.

Call a family member or friend: Calling a family member or friend may provide emotional support, but it is not a direct intervention to address immediate physical aggression.

Delivery at full term: Abuse and stress during pregnancy are associated with preterm birth rather than full-term delivery.

Adequate prenatal care: Abused pregnant women often receive inadequate prenatal care due to controlling behaviors of the abuser or fear of seeking help.

Mother openly seeks help: Victims of abuse often do not openly seek help due to fear, shame, or control by the abuser.

Adjustment disorder: Adjustment disorder involves emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to a stressor, but not typically to the extent of physical aggression.

Conduct disorder: Conduct disorder typically involves a pattern of behavior that violates societal norms and the rights of others, more commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents.

Oppositional defiant disorder: Oppositional defiant disorder involves a pattern of angry, defiant behavior towards authority, but does not typically include physical aggression towards non-family members.

Deceitfulness: Deceitfulness is more associated with antisocial personality disorder rather than impulse control disorders.

Aggressive conduct: Aggressive conduct is associated with conduct disorder, not specifically with impulse control disorders.

Serious rule violations: Serious rule violations are characteristic of conduct disorder.

"Disulfiram will prevent my cravings for alcohol." Disulfiram (Antabuse) is a medication that causes a severe adverse reaction when alcohol is consumed, acting as a deterrent. It does not prevent cravings for alcohol.

"Withdrawal symptoms should last about 5 to 7 days once they begin." Alcohol withdrawal symptoms usually peak within 24 to 48 hours and can last up to 72 hours, though some symptoms may persist longer in severe cases.

"It is important that I take Vitamin C to prevent liver cirrhosis or other liver damage." While vitamin supplementation is important for overall health, taking Vitamin C does not specifically prevent liver cirrhosis or other liver damage.

Facilitate time alone for the client. Allowing time alone is not appropriate for a suicidal client as it increases the risk of self-harm.

Administer antianxiety medication: While medication can help with anxiety, it is not a primary intervention for immediate suicide prevention.

Prevent family/friend visitation for 48 hours: Preventing visitation can increase feelings of isolation and is not an appropriate intervention for suicide prevention.

Share findings with other caregivers. Sharing information with other caregivers is important for continuity of care but is not a direct intervention for managing anger and aggression.

Set limits on client behaviors. Setting limits on behavior is necessary, but it should be done within the context of a trusting relationship.

Offer prn medication: Offering prn medication can help manage symptoms but should be part of a broader therapeutic strategy.

Maintain eye contact until the behavior stops. Maintaining eye contact can be perceived as confrontational and may escalate the situation.

Tell the client her behavior is disappointing. Telling the client her behavior is disappointing is judgmental and not therapeutic.

Punish the client for the behavior. Punishing the client is not appropriate or therapeutic.

Hispanic Americans: While substance use varies among populations, Hispanic Americans do not have the highest reported rates of cocaine use.

Asian Americans: Asian Americans typically report lower rates of cocaine use compared to other groups.

African Americans: African Americans report lower lifetime use of cocaine, at 8.5%, compared to White Americans (17.6%) and Hispanics (11.1%).