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A primiparous patient who delivered a 7-pound 10-ounce baby 24 hours ago is at lower risk because primiparous patients generally have a lower risk of postpartum hemorrhage, and moderate birth weight babies rarely cause excessive uterine stretching. The 24-hour postpartum period also allows for initial uterine contraction.

A primiparous patient who delivered a late preterm baby 24 hours ago is lower risk because smaller birth weight and primiparity reduce the risk of excessive uterine stretching and atony.

A multiparous patient who delivered a 7-pound baby 6 hours ago is at some risk due to multiparity, but the smaller baby size reduces the likelihood of uterine atony compared with a 9-pound infant.

Performing all intrusive procedures first is incorrect because starting with invasive or uncomfortable procedures can cause significant anxiety and fear in a toddler. This approach often results in the child resisting further assessment, making it more difficult to complete the exam accurately and safely. Toddlers respond better when trust is gradually built, and starting with procedures that are frightening can interfere with cooperation.

Removing all clothing at once is incorrect because toddlers often feel vulnerable and frightened when fully exposed. Gradual undressing allows the child to maintain a sense of security and modesty. Keeping parts of the body covered until each area is assessed helps minimize distress, making the assessment smoother and safer for both the child and the nurse.

Starting the examination with the toddler on the exam table immediately is incorrect because forcing the child to separate from the parent can increase anxiety and resistance. Toddlers are more cooperative when they feel secure, so placing them directly on an exam table without parental support can lead to distress, crying, and possible refusal to participate, which may compromise the quality and safety of the assessment.

Caput succedaneum is incorrect because this condition is a diffuse swelling of the scalp that crosses suture lines and is caused by pressure during delivery. It usually resolves on its own within a few days and does not significantly increase bilirubin levels or require phototherapy.

Neither condition increases bilirubin levels is incorrect because cephalohematoma can significantly elevate bilirubin due to red blood cell breakdown within the localized hematoma. While caput succedaneum has minimal impact, cephalohematoma can contribute to hyperbilirubinemia.

Phototherapy is more likely needed with caput succedaneum is incorrect because the swelling in caput succedaneum does not contain trapped blood and therefore does not cause significant hemolysis or increase bilirubin levels.

Estrogen is incorrect because, while estrogen promotes uterine growth, blood flow, and development of the mammary glands, it does not primarily maintain the uterine lining or prevent contractions. Estrogen actually increases toward the end of pregnancy and can help sensitize the uterus to oxytocin, promoting labor.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is incorrect because hCG’s primary role is to signal the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone during early pregnancy. While essential in the first trimester, it does not directly maintain the uterine lining or prevent contractions throughout pregnancy.

Relaxin is incorrect because relaxin primarily relaxes the ligaments of the pelvis and softens the cervix to prepare for labor. It does not maintain the endometrium or inhibit uterine contractions.

Prevent the return of oxygenated blood to the lungs is incorrect because closing the ductus arteriosus does not block pulmonary venous return. Blood still returns from the lungs to the left atrium and ventricle normally.

Decrease the edema in the legs and feet is incorrect because peripheral edema is not directly related to a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Edema is more associated with congestive heart failure or systemic venous congestion, which may be secondary but is not the immediate effect of surgical closure.

Stop the loss of unoxygenated blood to the systemic circulation is partially correct in theory, as a PDA can allow blood to shunt from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, but the key concern is left-to-right shunting of oxygenated blood back to the lungs, not unoxygenated blood going systemically.

Scarlet fever is incorrect because, although it presents with a fever and rash, it is typically associated with a sandpaper-like rash, pastia lines, and pharyngeal infection with exudate. Conjunctival injection, "strawberry" tongue, and extremity changes are not characteristic.

Rheumatic fever is incorrect because it typically occurs weeks after a group A streptococcal infection and presents with carditis, arthritis, chorea, and subcutaneous nodules, rather than conjunctival injection, strawberry tongue, or extremity edema.

Measles is incorrect because measles presents with Koplik spots, a cephalocaudal spreading maculopapular rash, and cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis. Extremity swelling and strawberry tongue are not features of measles.

Painful, enlarged lymph nodes is incorrect because in Hodgkin disease, the lymph node enlargement is usually painless. Painful nodes are more commonly associated with infections or inflammatory conditions, where the immune response triggers tenderness and discomfort. In Hodgkin disease, the cancerous lymphocytes infiltrate the nodes without causing acute inflammatory pain.

Petechiae is incorrect because petechiae result from thrombocytopenia or coagulation disorders, not Hodgkin disease. While advanced Hodgkin lymphoma may eventually affect the bone marrow and platelet production, petechiae are not an early or common manifestation.

Bone and joint pain is incorrect because this is not a typical presenting symptom of Hodgkin disease. Bone involvement may occur only in advanced stages, usually with other systemic symptoms.

Limit fluid intake to reduce bowel movements is incorrect because children with short bowel syndrome are at high risk for dehydration due to malabsorption and frequent diarrhea. Fluid restriction would worsen hydration status and compromise electrolyte balance.

Withhold iron supplementation is incorrect because iron deficiency anemia is already present. Delaying supplementation would exacerbate anemia, impair growth, and delay recovery. Iron should be administered carefully, considering tolerance and absorption.

Encourage a high-fiber diet is incorrect because high-fiber foods can worsen diarrhea in children with short bowel syndrome. Fiber increases stool bulk and may reduce nutrient absorption, further contributing to poor weight gain and fluid loss.

Teaching the family about long-term management of asthma is incorrect because asthma management is not directly related to latex allergy, although children with latex allergy may have an increased risk of atopy. The focus should be on latex avoidance.

Administering medication for long-term desensitization is incorrect because there is currently no safe or standard desensitization therapy for latex allergy. Management focuses on prevention and avoidance.

Using only nonallergenic latex products is partially misleading. There is no guarantee that “nonallergenic” latex products are completely safe; therefore, latex-free alternatives should be used instead of relying on “nonallergenic” labels.