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Infection due to suppression of the immune system and increased susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens such as fungi, viruses, bacteria, and parasites . Azathioprine is an antimetabolite that works by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. It is used to treat Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory condition of the digestive tract that causes symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fever. Azathioprine can reduce the ability of the immune system to fight off infections and increase the risk of serious or fatal infections. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor their temperature and white blood cell count regularly and report any signs of infection (such as fever, chills, sore throat, cough, or wound drainage) to their doctor. The nurse should also advise the client to avoid contact with people who have infections and to receive prophylactic antibiotics or antifungals as prescribed.

Gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ulceration, and bleeding due to irritation or erosion of the gastric mucosa, and hepatotoxicity due to metabolic stress on the liver . Azathioprine is an antimetabolite that works by interfering with the synthesis of nucleic acids, which are essential for cell division and replication. Azathioprine can affect the rapidly dividing cells of the gastrointestinal tract and cause gastrointestinal effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, ulceration, and bleeding. Azathioprine can also affect the liver and cause hepatotoxicity such as elevated liver enzymes, jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes), hepatitis (inflammation of liver), or liver failure. The nurse should instruct the client to take azathioprine with food or milk to reduce stomach irritation and to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. The nurse should also instruct the client to monitor their liver function tests regularly and report any signs of liver injury (such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia (loss of appetite), fatigue, dark urine, or clay-colored stools) to their doctor.

Bone marrow suppression such as anemia (low red blood cell count), leukopenia (low white blood cell count), thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) due to interference with the synthesis of nucleic acids . Azathioprine is an antimetabolite that works by interfering with the synthesis of nucleic acids, which are essential for cell division and replication. Azathioprine can affect the rapidly dividing cells of the bone marrow and cause bone marrow suppression such as anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia. These conditions can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, pallor (pale skin), shortness of breath, increased susceptibility to infection, bruising, bleeding, or petechiae (small red spots on skin). The nurse should instruct the client to monitor their blood counts regularly and report any abnormal results or signs of bone marrow suppression to their doctor. The nurse should also advise the client to avoid activities that may cause injury or bleeding and to use caution when using sharp objects or dental floss.

Skin reactions such as rash, pruritus (itching), alopecia (hair loss), and photosensitivity (increased sensitivity to sunlight) due to hypersensitivity or allergic response to the drug . Azathioprine is an antimetabolite that can cause skin reactions such as rash, pruritus, alopecia. Azathioprine is an antimetabolite that can cause skin reactions such as rash, pruritus, alopecia, and photosensitivity due to hypersensitivity or allergic response to the drug . The nurse should instruct the client to stop taking azathioprine and seek immediate medical attention if they experience any severe or persistent skin reactions. The nurse should also inform the client that they may develop a delayed hypersensitivity reaction after several weeks or months of treatment that may manifest as fever, rash, joint pain, or lymph node enlargement. The nurse should instruct the client to report any of these symptoms to their doctor as well . The nurse should also advise the client to protect their skin from sun exposure by wearing sunscreen, hats, sunglasses, and clothing and to avoid tanning beds or lamps.

Increased appetite, weight gain, energy level, and quality of life are not outcomes that indicate the effectiveness of fluticasone therapy for asthma. These are outcomes that indicate the effectiveness of systemic corticosteroids such as prednisone or hydrocortisone, which are used to treat severe or life-threatening asthma exacerbations or other inflammatory conditions. Systemic corticosteroids have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and metabolic effects by binding to glucocorticoid receptors and modulating gene expression. Systemic corticosteroids can increase appetite, weight gain, energy level, and quality of life by reducing inflammation, pain, fatigue, and stress. However, systemic corticosteroids also have many adverse effects such as infection, osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension, cataracts, glaucoma, mood changes, insomnia, acne. - Continue with the answer above. Systemic corticosteroids also have many adverse effects such as infection, osteoporosis, diabetes, hypertension, cataracts, glaucoma, mood changes, insomnia, acne, hirsutism, and adrenal suppression. Therefore, systemic corticosteroids should be used at the lowest effective dose and for the shortest possible duration to achieve the desired outcomes . Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid that works locally in the lungs and has minimal systemic effects. Fluticasone does not have the same benefits or risks as systemic corticosteroids .

Normalized blood glucose, electrolytes, blood count, and liver function tests are not outcomes that indicate the effectiveness of fluticasone therapy for asthma. These are outcomes that indicate the prevention or reduction of adverse effects of systemic corticosteroids such as prednisone or hydrocortisone, which are used to treat severe or life-threatening asthma exacerbations or other inflammatory conditions. Systemic corticosteroids have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and metabolic effects by binding to glucocorticoid receptors and modulating gene expression. Systemic corticosteroids can affect blood glucose, electrolytes, blood count, and liver function tests by altering carbohydrate, protein, fat, water, and mineral metabolism. The nurse should monitor these parameters regularly and report any abnormal results or changes to the doctor. The nurse should also educate the client about the potential adverse effects of systemic corticosteroids and how to prevent or manage them. Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid that works locally in the lungs and has minimal systemic effects. Fluticasone does not have the same effects or risks as systemic corticosteroids .

Reduced inflammation and mucus production in the airways is not an outcome that indicates the effectiveness of fluticasone therapy for asthma. This is a mechanism of action of fluticasone therapy for asthma. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid that works by reducing inflammation and mucus production in the airways. Fluticasone can prevent or reduce the occurrence and intensity of asthma attacks and improve the airflow and lung function in patients with asthma . However, this mechanism of action is not directly observable or measurable by the client or the nurse. The nurse should evaluate the outcomes that reflect the clinical improvement of asthma symptoms and signs such as decreased frequency and severity of asthma attacks, wheezing, coughing, and dyspnea; improved peak expiratory flow and forced expiratory volume in one second; and reduced need for rescue medication such as short-acting beta2 agonists.

It should be given intravenously slowly over 2 hours to prevent infusion reactions such as fever, chills, rash, pruritus, and dyspnea . Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that works by blocking the action of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a cytokine that mediates inflammation and tissue damage in ulcerative colitis. Infliximab can cause infusion reactions such as fever, chills, rash, pruritus, and dyspnea during or shortly after the infusion. These reactions are usually mild to moderate and can be prevented or managed by slowing down the infusion rate, premedicating with antihistamines, acetaminophen, or corticosteroids, and monitoring the vital signs and symptoms of the client. The nurse should instruct the client to report any signs of infusion reaction to the health care provider immediately.

It should be given with concomitant immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine or methotrexate to enhance its efficacy and reduce antibody formation . Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that works by blocking the action of TNF-alpha, a cytokine that mediates inflammation and tissue damage in ulcerative colitis. Infliximab can lose its efficacy over time due to the formation of antibodies against it. These antibodies can also increase the risk of adverse effects such as infusion reactions, infection, or malignancy. To prevent or reduce antibody formation, infliximab should be given with concomitant immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine or methotrexate. These agents can also enhance the efficacy of infliximab by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation. The nurse should instruct the client to take these agents as prescribed by their doctor and to monitor their blood counts and liver function tests regularly.

It should be given with prophylactic antibiotics or antifungals to prevent infection due to suppression of the immune system . Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that works by blocking the action of TNF-alpha, a cytokine that mediates inflammation and tissue damage in ulcerative colitis. Infliximab can suppress the immune system and increase the risk of serious or fatal infections such as tuberculosis, fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, or parasitic infections. To prevent or treat these infections, infliximab should be given with prophylactic antibiotics or antifungals as prescribed by their doctor. The nurse should instruct the client to undergo screening tests for latent tuberculosis and hepatitis B before starting infliximab therapy and to report any signs of infection (such as fever, chills, sore throat, cough, or wound drainage) to their doctor. The nurse should also advise the client to avoid contact with people who have infections and to receive inactivated vaccines as recommended by their doctor.

It should be monitored for signs of hypersensitivity, infection, malignancy, and hepatotoxicity during and after the infusion . Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that works by blocking the action of TNF-alpha, a cytokine that mediates inflammation and tissue damage in ulcerative colitis. Infliximab can cause serious adverse effects such as hypersensitivity reactions (such as anaphylaxis or serum sickness), infection (such as tuberculosis or fungal infections), malignancy (such as lymphoma or skin cancer), and hepatotoxicity (such as elevated liver enzymes or liver failure). The nurse should monitor the client for signs and symptoms of these adverse effects during and after the infusion and intervene as appropriate. The nurse should also educate the client about the potential adverse effects of infliximab and how to prevent or manage them.