Review Diagnosis and treatment

Adverse Drug Reactions and Side Effects > Pharmacology

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Diagnosis and treatment

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Total Questions : 3

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Question 1:

A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of allergic reactions to penicillin. The client is prescribed cefazolin for a wound infection. Which of the following actions should the nurse take before administering the medication?

A. Ask the client about any previous reactions to cephalosporins. B. Administer an antihistamine to prevent an allergic reaction. C. Monitor the client's vital signs for 15 minutes after the injection. D. Dilute the medication in normal saline to reduce its concentration.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Cefazolin is a cephalosporin antibiotic, which has a cross-sensitivity with penicillin. Therefore, the nurse should ask the client about any previous reactions to cephalosporins before giving the medication.

Choice B:

Incorrect because an antihistamine will not prevent a severe allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis, which requires epinephrine.

Choice C:

Is incorrect because monitoring vital signs after the injection is not enough to prevent or treat an allergic reaction.

Choice D:

Is incorrect because diluting the medication will not affect its potential to cause an allergic reaction.

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Question 2:

A client is admitted to the emergency department with signs of anaphylaxis after being stung by a bee. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer first?

A. Epinephrine B. Diphenhydramine C. Albuterol D. Prednisone

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Epinephrine is the first-line medication for anaphylaxis, as it reverses bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and edema that can compromise the airway and circulation.

Choice B:

incorrect because diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that can help relieve itching and hives, but it does not act fast enough to treat anaphylaxis.

Choice C:

incorrect because albuterol is a bronchodilator that can help with wheezing, but it does not address the other manifestations of anaphylaxis. Option

Choice D:

incorrect because prednisone is a corticosteroid that can help reduce inflammation, but it has a delayed onset of action and is not effective for acute anaphylaxis.

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Question 3:

A nurse is reviewing the medication list of a client who has hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The client reports experiencing a dry cough since starting lisinopril. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A. Advise the client to drink more fluids and use lozenges to soothe the throat. B. Suggest the client to switch to another angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. C. Notify the provider and request a prescription for an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). D. Instruct the client to stop taking lisinopril and monitor blood pressure at home.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

incorrect because drinking more fluids and using lozenges may not relieve the cough caused by lisinopril.

Choice B:

incorrect because switching to another ACE inhibitor will likely result in the same side effect.

Choice C:

Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause a dry cough as a common side effect. The nurse should notify the provider and request a prescription for an ARB, which has a similar antihypertensive effect but does not cause a dry cough.

Choice D:

incorrect because stopping lisinopril abruptly can cause rebound hypertension and worsen the client's condition.

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Total Questions : 3

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Diagnosis and treatment

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