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Dysphoria refers to a state of unease or generalized dissatisfaction, often linked to mood disorders such as depression. It is considered a negative symptom or affective disturbance rather than a positive symptom of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms are those that add abnormal experiences, such as hallucinations or disorganized speech, rather than subtracting normal functioning.

Poor hygiene is a behavioral deficit often seen in schizophrenia, but it is classified as a negative symptom. Negative symptoms involve a reduction or absence of normal behaviors, such as lack of motivation, poor grooming, or social withdrawal.

Anhedonia is the inability to experience pleasure, which is a negative symptom. It reflects a deficit in emotional responsiveness and motivation rather than the presence of abnormal behaviors or perceptions.

Asking "Why" questions can make the client feel defensive and judged. It does not promote therapeutic communication because it may sound confrontational rather than supportive.

Telling the client they will not get better unless they take medication is a directive and authoritarian response. It lacks empathy and does not encourage the client to share their feelings or reasoning.

Saying "I always do what the doctor tells me to do" shifts the focus away from the client and onto the nurse. It is non-therapeutic because it does not address the client’s concerns or encourage dialogue.

Allowing flexibility with rules undermines consistency and can reinforce manipulative behavior. Clients with antisocial traits may exploit flexibility to avoid accountability.

Providing privileges immediately for good behavior can reinforce manipulation rather than genuine behavioral change. Rewards should be structured and consistent, not immediate or excessive.

Encouraging guilt expression is ineffective because individuals with antisocial personality disorder typically lack remorse or guilt. This approach does not address the core issue of rule violation and manipulation.

Sleeping excessively is not typical of PTSD. Clients often experience insomnia, nightmares, or hyperarousal rather than prolonged sleep.

Clients with PTSD usually avoid discussing the traumatic event due to distress. A constant need to talk about the event is not characteristic of PTSD.

PTSD often leads to social withdrawal and detachment, not increased attachment. Clients may feel isolated and struggle with trust.

Isolation is a common tactic used by abusers to control their partners and limit outside support. This statement is accurate.

Abusers often lack healthy social supports and interpersonal skills, which contributes to abusive behavior. This statement is correct.

Intimidation is a well-documented method by which abusers exert power and control. This statement is accurate.

Redirecting violent behavior is important but secondary to preventing self-harm. Violence may occur, but self-injury is more immediate and life-threatening.

Encouraging expression of feelings is therapeutic but not the priority when safety is at risk. Emotional exploration can occur after stabilization.

Exploring reasons for behavior is useful for long-term therapy but is not the immediate priority in acute care.

Full range of motion indicates that circulation and mobility are intact. This is not a complication.

Attempting to remove the restraint shows discomfort or resistance but does not indicate a complication.

A capillary refill of 1 second is normal and indicates adequate perfusion. This is not a complication.

Promising secrecy is inappropriate because nurses are mandated reporters. They are legally and ethically obligated to report suspected child abuse. Making such a promise undermines trust when disclosure becomes necessary.

Labeling the family as "bad" is judgmental and non-therapeutic. It risks alienating the child and does not provide supportive reassurance.

Discussing the abuse directly with family members can place the child at further risk and is inappropriate. The nurse must follow mandated reporting procedures rather than confronting the family.

Eating half of meals indicates reduced intake but is not immediately dangerous. It requires monitoring but is not the priority.

Diminished facial affect is a negative symptom of schizophrenia. While important to document, it does not pose immediate risk.

Decreased energy level is nonspecific and could be related to medication or illness. It is not urgent compared to bizarre behaviors.