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Refer client to mental health care provider for evaluation and treatment: While this is important, it is not the immediate priority. Identifying imminent risks, such as suicidal ideation, takes precedence.

Assist the client to identify negative effects of chemical dependency: This intervention is more suitable after immediate safety concerns, such as suicide risk, are addressed.

Identify support groups in the community for long-term treatment: This is a secondary intervention after immediate risks have been mitigated.

Disulfiram: Disulfiram is used for alcohol use disorder, not opioid withdrawal.

Risperidone: Risperidone is an antipsychotic used for mental health disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, not for opioid withdrawal.

Lithium carbonate: Lithium is used to treat bipolar disorder, particularly mania, and is unrelated to opioid withdrawal.

"I have no intention to stop drinking. I like the way it makes me feel.": This is an example of denial but does not strongly indicate a defense mechanism.

"I have tried so many times to stop drinking. It is so hard.": This demonstrates acknowledgment of the problem and a desire for change, not a defense mechanism.

"I really need some help. My drinking is tearing my family apart.": This statement reflects insight and readiness for change, not a defense mechanism.

Increased irritability towards supervisors, outspokenness regarding work issues, increased attendance at staff meetings: These behaviors may reflect workplace dissatisfaction or burnout rather than substance use.

Crying, sharing personal details of relationship problems, monopolizing conversations: These are more indicative of emotional distress or poor boundaries, not necessarily substance use.

Increased cheerfulness, increased energy, helping other nurses on the shift: While these behaviors might seem unusual, they are not strong indicators of substance use disorder.

"I will send you a note in a few weeks.": This response is inappropriate and could blur professional boundaries in the therapeutic nurse-client relationship.

"I know you will do well living out in the community.": While supportive, this response assumes the client's future success without addressing their immediate feelings or concerns.

"Aren't you excited about being discharged today?": This response is leading and may not reflect the client’s true feelings.

Education and interventions in high school during early adolescence when children are more susceptible to peer influence: Waiting until early adolescence may miss critical formative years when behaviors are more easily influenced.

Education and interventions in middle school when children are learning about health and nutrition: Middle school interventions are beneficial but may come too late for some children who have already been exposed to risky behaviors.

Education and interventions in high school during late adolescence when children are more likely to engage in high-risk behaviors: This approach may be too late to prevent substance use for many children already engaging in risky behaviors.

They do not care that they lost their job and their partner: This statement reflects apathy but does not define addiction.

They filed for bankruptcy because of their debts and job loss: This is a consequence of their addiction, not a defining characteristic.

They are depressed over their current life situation: Depression may coexist with addiction but is not a defining characteristic.