Review Tuberculosis

Pathophysiology of the respiratory system > Pathophysiology

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Tuberculosis

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Question 1:

A nurse is educating a client about tuberculosis (TB). Which statement made by the client indicates a correct understanding of how TB is primarily transmitted?

A. "TB is primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water." B. "TB is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes." C. "TB is transmitted through sexual contact with an infected individual." D. "TB is primarily transmitted through contact with the skin lesions of an infected person."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. TB is not primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water; it is mainly an airborne disease.

Choice B:

Correct. TB is primarily an airborne disease, and the bacteria can be transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

Choice C:

Incorrect. TB is not primarily transmitted through sexual contact.

Choice D:

Incorrect. TB is not primarily transmitted through contact with skin lesions. It primarily affects the lungs and is transmitted through the respiratory route.

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Question 2:

A nurse is assessing a client suspected of having TB. Which symptom is most commonly associated with pulmonary TB?

A. Joint pain and swelling B. Skin rash and itching C. Persistent cough and sputum production D. Blurred vision and eye pain

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Joint pain and swelling are not typical symptoms of pulmonary TB.

Choice B:

Incorrect. Skin rash and itching are not common symptoms of pulmonary TB.

Choice C:

Correct. Persistent cough and sputum production are common symptoms of pulmonary TB, as the disease primarily affects the lungs.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Blurred vision and eye pain are not typical symptoms of TB, although TB can affect other parts of the body in addition to the lungs.

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Question 3:

A client asks a nurse about the differences between latent TB infection (LTBI) and active TB disease. Which statement by the nurse is correct?

A. "LTBI is not contagious, but active TB disease can be spread to others." B. "Both LTBI and active TB disease are equally contagious to others." C. "LTBI and active TB disease have the same symptoms and treatment." D. "LTBI always progresses to active TB disease if left untreated."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Correct. LTBI is not contagious, as the bacteria are dormant and not actively causing illness. Active TB disease, on the other hand, is contagious and can be transmitted to others through respiratory droplets.

Choice B:

Incorrect. LTBI is not contagious, whereas active TB disease is contagious.

Choice C:

Incorrect. LTBI and active TB disease have different symptoms and treatment approaches. LTBI has no symptoms, while active TB disease presents with symptoms and requires treatment to prevent progression.

Choice D:

Incorrect. LTBI does not always progress to active TB disease. In fact, many individuals with LTBI do not develop active disease, but they are at risk, especially if their immune system becomes compromised.

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Question 4:

A nurse is caring for a client with active TB disease. Which precaution should the nurse take to prevent the transmission of TB to others?

A. Isolation in a negative-pressure room B. Frequent handwashing with soap and water C. Wearing a surgical mask at all times D. Avoiding close contact with the client

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Correct. Isolation in a negative-pressure room is the standard precaution for preventing the transmission of TB in healthcare settings, as it helps contain airborne pathogens.

Choice B:

Incorrect. While handwashing is important for general infection control, it is not the primary measure for preventing TB transmission.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Wearing a surgical mask at all times is not sufficient to prevent TB transmission, especially in a healthcare setting.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Avoiding close contact with the client is not a practical measure for healthcare professionals providing care to TB patients. Proper isolation measures are more effective.

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Question 5:

A client diagnosed with active TB disease is prescribed a multidrug regimen. What is the primary purpose of using multiple drugs to treat TB?

A. To reduce drug resistance B. To minimize side effects C. To shorten the treatment duration D. To improve patient compliance

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Correct. Using multiple drugs to treat TB reduces the risk of drug resistance development, as it targets the bacteria from different angles and makes it harder for them to become resistant to one or more drugs.

Choice B:

Incorrect. While using multiple drugs may help manage side effects by spreading the burden of treatment, the primary purpose is to prevent drug resistance.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Shortening the treatment duration is a goal, but it is not the primary purpose of using multiple drugs.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Although improving patient compliance is important, the primary purpose of using multiple drugs is to reduce drug resistance.QUESTIONS

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Question 6:

A nurse is teaching a client about the risk factors for developing tuberculosis (TB). Which statement made by the client indicates a correct understanding of the risk factors?

A. "Living in a well-ventilated area with good air circulation increases my risk of TB." B. "Having a strong immune system has no impact on my risk for TB." C. "Close contact with someone who has active TB disease can put me at risk." D. "Excessive handwashing and cleanliness are effective ways to prevent TB transmission."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Living in well-ventilated areas with good air circulation actually reduces the risk of TB transmission, as TB is an airborne disease.

Choice B:

Incorrect. Having a strong immune system can help protect against TB infection, as a compromised immune system increases the risk of developing active TB disease from latent TB infection.

Choice C:

Correct. Close contact with someone who has active TB disease is a significant risk factor for TB transmission, as the bacteria can be transmitted through respiratory droplets.

Choice D:

Incorrect. While cleanliness and hygiene are important, excessive handwashing alone is not sufficient to prevent TB transmission, as the bacteria are primarily transmitted through the air.

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Question 7:

A client asks a nurse why tuberculosis (TB) can remain latent in the body for many years without causing symptoms. What is the nurse's best explanation?

A. "TB bacteria are dormant and do not replicate in the body during latent infection." B. "The immune system immediately eliminates TB bacteria during the latent phase." C. "Latent TB infection occurs in the lungs, where it does not cause symptoms." D. "TB bacteria actively multiply in the body but at a very slow rate during latency."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Correct. During latent TB infection, TB bacteria are in a dormant state and do not actively replicate or cause symptoms. They can become active and multiply if the immune system weakens.

Choice B:

Incorrect. While the immune system can control TB bacteria during latency, it does not immediately eliminate them.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Latent TB infection can occur in various parts of the body, not just the lungs, and it typically does not cause symptoms.

Choice D:

Incorrect. TB bacteria in latent infection are in a dormant state and do not actively multiply, although they remain viable.

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Question 8:

A client with active tuberculosis (TB) disease is prescribed a multidrug regimen. What is the primary purpose of using multiple drugs to treat TB?

A. To reduce drug resistance B. To minimize side effects C. To shorten the treatment duration D. To improve patient compliance

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Choice B:

Incorrect. While using multiple drugs may help manage side effects by spreading the burden of treatment, the primary purpose is to prevent drug resistance.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Shortening the treatment duration is a goal, but it is not the primary purpose of using multiple drugs.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Although improving patient compliance is important, the primary purpose of using multiple drugs is to reduce drug resistance.

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Question 9:

A client with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) asks the nurse about the likelihood of developing active TB disease. What information should the nurse provide?

A. "LTBI always progresses to active TB disease if left untreated." B. "The risk of progressing to active TB is highest within the first year of LTBI." C. "LTBI rarely progresses to active TB, especially if you have a strong immune system." D. "There is no risk of developing active TB if you have LTBI."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. LTBI does not always progress to active TB disease. Many individuals with LTBI do not develop active disease, especially if they have a strong immune system.

Choice B:

Incorrect. While the risk of progression is highest in the first two years after LTBI, it can occur at any time, and some individuals may progress years or even decades later.

Choice C:

Correct. LTBI rarely progresses to active TB, especially in individuals with a strong immune system. Most people with LTBI do not develop active disease.

Choice D:

Incorrect. LTBI carries a risk of progressing to active TB disease, although the risk is relatively low in many individuals.

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Question 10:

A nurse is explaining the pathophysiology of tuberculosis (TB) to a group of nursing students. Which statement accurately describes the role of granulomas in TB infection?

A. "Granulomas are formed by the immune system to encapsulate and destroy TB bacteria." B. "Granulomas are clusters of active TB bacteria in the lungs." C. "TB bacteria do not interact with the immune system within granulomas." D. "Granulomas are the primary site of TB bacteria replication."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Correct. Granulomas are structures formed by the immune system in an attempt to encapsulate and contain TB bacteria, preventing their spread and aiding in their destruction.

Choice B:

Incorrect. Granulomas are not clusters of active TB bacteria; they are the body's response to containing the bacteria.

Choice C:

Incorrect. TB bacteria interact with the immune system within granulomas, leading to the formation of these structures.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Granulomas are not the primary site of TB bacteria replication; instead, they are formed to limit bacterial replication and spread.

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Question 11:

A nurse is educating a client about the risk factors for tuberculosis (TB). Which statement made by the client indicates a correct understanding of the risk factors for TB?

A. "TB is primarily transmitted through contaminated water and food sources." B. "Having a family history of TB does not increase my risk of contracting the disease." C. "Living in crowded and poorly ventilated environments can increase my risk of TB." D. "TB is not influenced by underlying health conditions like HIV or diabetes."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. TB is primarily transmitted through the inhalation of respiratory droplets from an infected person and is not related to contaminated water or food sources.

Choice B:

Incorrect. Having a family history of TB can increase the risk, as there may be genetic factors that affect susceptibility to the disease.

Choice C:

Correct. Crowded and poorly ventilated settings increase the risk of TB transmission, as the bacteria can be easily spread in close quarters.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Underlying health conditions like HIV, diabetes, and immunosuppression can indeed increase the risk of TB due to compromised immune function.

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Question 12:

A client asks a nurse about the role of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in the development of active TB disease. What information should the nurse provide?

A. "LTBI never progresses to active TB disease." B. "The risk of LTBI progressing to active TB is higher in individuals with a strong immune system." C. "LTBI can remain dormant for years and may progress to active TB if the immune system weakens." D. "LTBI is the same as active TB disease and requires immediate treatment."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. LTBI can progress to active TB disease if the immune system weakens or is compromised.

Choice B:

Incorrect. The risk of progression from LTBI to active TB is higher in individuals with weakened immune systems, not those with strong immune systems.

Choice C:

Correct. LTBI can remain dormant for years, and the risk of progression to active TB disease is higher when the immune system becomes compromised.

Choice D:

Incorrect. LTBI and active TB disease are distinct conditions, and LTBI does not always require immediate treatment. Treatment may be recommended for individuals at higher risk of progression to active disease.

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Question 13:

A client with active tuberculosis (TB) disease asks the nurse why they need to take multiple antibiotics for treatment. What is the nurse's best response?

A. "Taking multiple antibiotics ensures rapid symptom relief." B. "Combination therapy reduces the risk of drug resistance." C. "Each antibiotic targets a different type of TB bacteria." D. "Multiple antibiotics are used to minimize side effects."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. While multiple antibiotics may lead to symptom relief, the primary goal is to prevent drug resistance.

Choice B:

Correct. Combination therapy with multiple antibiotics is used to reduce the risk of drug-resistant TB, as it makes it more difficult for the bacteria to develop resistance to all drugs simultaneously.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Multiple antibiotics are used to target different aspects of TB treatment, not different types of TB bacteria.

Choice D:

Incorrect. While using multiple antibiotics can help manage side effects, the primary reason is to prevent drug resistance.

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Question 14:

A client is concerned about contracting tuberculosis (TB) while traveling to countries with a high TB burden. What advice should the nurse provide regarding prevention?

A. "You can prevent TB by avoiding close contact with anyone in the high-burden area." B. "Wearing a surgical mask at all times will protect you from TB transmission." C. "Getting vaccinated with the BCG vaccine is the most effective way to prevent TB." D. "Follow good respiratory hygiene and avoid overcrowded, poorly ventilated places."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Avoiding close contact alone may not be sufficient, as TB is primarily transmitted through the inhalation of respiratory droplets.

Choice B:

Incorrect. While wearing a surgical mask may offer some protection, it is not foolproof, especially in high-burden areas.

Choice C:

Incorrect. The BCG vaccine provides some protection against severe forms of TB in children but is not considered highly effective for preventing TB in adults.

Choice D:

Correct. Following good respiratory hygiene and avoiding crowded, poorly ventilated areas are essential measures to reduce the risk of TB transmission in high-burden areas.

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Question 15:

A client is newly diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). What should the nurse explain to the client about the management of LTBI?

A. "LTBI requires prolonged hospitalization for treatment." B. "You will need to take multiple antibiotics for a short duration." C. "Treatment for LTBI is not necessary unless you develop symptoms." D. "Completing the recommended treatment course is crucial to prevent active TB."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. LTBI can be treated on an outpatient basis and typically does not require hospitalization.

Choice B:

Incorrect. While multiple antibiotics may be used, the duration of LTBI treatment is usually several months.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Treatment for LTBI is recommended to prevent progression to active TB, especially in individuals at higher risk.

Choice D:

Correct. Completing the recommended treatment course for LTBI is essential to reduce the risk of developing active TB disease.

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Question 16:

A nurse is assessing a client suspected of having tuberculosis (TB). Which of the following clinical manifestations is most commonly associated with pulmonary TB?

A. Joint pain and swelling B. Skin rash and itching C. Persistent cough and sputum production D. Confusion and memory loss

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Joint pain and swelling are not typical symptoms of pulmonary TB.

Choice B:

Incorrect. Skin rash and itching are not common symptoms of pulmonary TB.

Choice C:

Correct. Persistent cough and sputum production are common symptoms of pulmonary TB, as the disease primarily affects the lungs.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Confusion and memory loss are not typical symptoms of pulmonary TB; they may occur in cases of disseminated or extrapulmonary TB.

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Question 17:

A nurse is caring for a client with suspected tuberculosis (TB) who complains of night sweats, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. What should the nurse suspect based on these symptoms?

A. Latent TB infection (LTBI) B. Active TB disease C. Tuberculosis exposure with no infection D. Atypical pneumonia

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. The symptoms described are more indicative of active TB disease rather than latent TB infection.

Choice B:

Correct. Night sweats, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss are classic symptoms of active TB disease.

Choice C:

Incorrect. TB exposure without infection typically does not present with these symptoms.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Atypical pneumonia may have different symptoms, and it is not the most likely diagnosis based on the symptoms provided.

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Question 18:

A client with active tuberculosis (TB) asks a nurse why they experience coughing up blood. What is the nurse's best response regarding this symptom?

A. "Coughing up blood is a common symptom of TB, and it is not a cause for concern." B. "Coughing up blood is a sign of advanced TB and requires immediate hospitalization." C. "Coughing up blood is unrelated to TB and may be due to another underlying condition." D. "Coughing up blood can occur in TB, and it should be reported to your healthcare provider for evaluation and treatment."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. While coughing up blood can occur in TB, it should not be considered common and should always be evaluated.

Choice B:

Incorrect. Coughing up blood should prompt evaluation and treatment but does not necessarily require immediate hospitalization.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Coughing up blood is a concerning symptom that should not be dismissed as unrelated to TB.

Choice D:

Correct. Coughing up blood (hemoptysis) is a possible symptom of TB and should be reported to a healthcare provider for further assessment and management.

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Question 19:

A nurse is caring for a client with suspected tuberculosis (TB) and observes that the client has developed cervical lymphadenopathy. What does this finding suggest?

A. The client has active pulmonary TB. B. The client is experiencing an allergic reaction. C. The client may have extrapulmonary TB. D. The client has a secondary bacterial infection.

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Cervical lymphadenopathy is not specific to active pulmonary TB and can occur in extrapulmonary TB as well.

Choice B:

Incorrect. Allergic reactions typically do not result in cervical lymphadenopathy.

Choice C:

Correct. Cervical lymphadenopathy is often associated with extrapulmonary TB, as TB can affect various parts of the body, including lymph nodes.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Cervical lymphadenopathy is not necessarily indicative of a secondary bacterial infection.

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Question 20:

A client with suspected tuberculosis (TB) reports experiencing pleuritic chest pain. What does this symptom suggest to the nurse?

A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) B. Muscular strain or injury C. Pleurisy or pleural inflammation D. Anxiety or panic attack

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. GERD may cause chest discomfort, but it is not typically described as pleuritic chest pain.

Choice B:

Incorrect. Muscular strain or injury is a possibility, but pleuritic chest pain suggests inflammation of the pleura.

Choice C:

Correct. Pleuritic chest pain is a symptom of pleurisy or pleural inflammation, which can occur in TB.

Choice D:

Incorrect. While anxiety or panic attacks can cause chest discomfort, pleuritic chest pain is more likely related to a physical condition, such as pleural inflammation.

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Question 21:

A nurse is educating a client about the diagnostic evaluation for tuberculosis (TB). Which test is commonly used to screen for TB infection and is administered by injecting a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) under the skin?

A. Chest X-ray B. Sputum culture C. Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) D. Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Chest X-rays are often used to assess lung involvement in TB but are not a primary screening test for TB infection.

Choice B:

Incorrect. Sputum culture is used to confirm the presence of TB bacteria in individuals with suspected active TB disease.

Choice C:

Correct. The Mantoux TST is a common screening test for TB infection. A small amount of PPD is injected under the skin, and the reaction is assessed after 48-72 hours.

Choice D:

Incorrect. CT scans may be used in TB diagnosis but are not typically used for initial screening of TB infection.

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Question 22:

A nurse is caring for a client with suspected tuberculosis (TB) who has provided sputum samples for testing. Which laboratory test is used to confirm the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples?

A. Complete blood count (CBC) B. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) C. Tuberculin skin test (TST) D. Gram stain

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. A complete blood count (CBC) may reveal abnormalities associated with TB, but it does not directly confirm the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples.

Choice B:

Correct. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular test that can detect the genetic material of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples, providing a confirmatory diagnosis.

Choice C:

Incorrect. The tuberculin skin test (TST) is a screening test for TB infection, not a test for confirming active disease in sputum samples.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Gram stain is a laboratory technique used to visualize the characteristics of bacterial cells but is not specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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Question 23:

A nurse is discussing the diagnostic evaluation of tuberculosis (TB) with a client. The client asks about the purpose of a chest X-ray in TB diagnosis. What is the nurse's best explanation?

A. "Chest X-rays are used to confirm the presence of TB bacteria in the lungs." B. "Chest X-rays help assess the severity of TB symptoms and guide treatment decisions." C. "Chest X-rays are primarily used to detect TB infection in the blood." D. "Chest X-rays are not routinely used in TB diagnosis."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Chest X-rays do not confirm the presence of TB bacteria but can indicate lung abnormalities associated with TB disease.

Choice B:

Correct. Chest X-rays are valuable in assessing the extent of lung involvement, the presence of cavities, and other abnormalities related to TB. This information helps guide treatment decisions.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Chest X-rays are not primarily used to detect TB infection in the blood; they focus on lung and chest abnormalities.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Chest X-rays are routinely used in the diagnosis and management of TB, especially for assessing lung involvement.

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Question 24:

A nurse is explaining the process of collecting sputum samples for tuberculosis (TB) testing to a client. Which instruction should the nurse provide to ensure an accurate sample?

A. "Collect sputum samples immediately after waking up in the morning." B. "Rinse your mouth with water before collecting the sputum to ensure cleanliness." C. "Avoid deep coughing when producing sputum samples." D. "Collect sputum samples in any container you have available."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Correct. Sputum samples are often most concentrated with TB bacteria when collected in the morning, as they have had time to accumulate overnight.

Choice B:

Incorrect. Rinsing the mouth before collecting sputum may dilute the sample and reduce its accuracy.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Deep coughing is encouraged to obtain samples from the lower respiratory tract, where TB bacteria are more likely to be present.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Sputum samples should be collected in specific containers designed for this purpose to maintain sample integrity and avoid contamination.

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Question 25:

A client is undergoing diagnostic testing for tuberculosis (TB) and asks the nurse about the purpose of a chest computed tomography (CT) scan. What is the nurse's best response?

A. "A CT scan can confirm the presence of TB bacteria in the lungs." B. "A CT scan is used to screen for TB infection in the bloodstream." C. "A CT scan provides detailed images of the chest to assess lung involvement and detect complications." D. "A CT scan is not typically used in TB diagnosis."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. A CT scan does not directly confirm the presence of TB bacteria but provides detailed images of the chest.

Choice B:

Incorrect. A CT scan is not used as a primary screening tool for TB infection in the bloodstream.

Choice C:

Correct. Chest CT scans are valuable for assessing the extent of lung involvement, detecting complications such as cavities or pleural effusions, and guiding treatment decisions in TB cases.

Choice D:

Incorrect. CT scans are commonly used in the evaluation and management of TB, especially for assessing lung abnormalities.

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Question 26:

A nurse is providing education to a client who has been diagnosed with active tuberculosis (TB). Which of the following instructions should the nurse emphasize to the client regarding medication adherence?

A. "It's okay to skip doses if you experience side effects like nausea." B. "You can stop taking the medication once you start feeling better." C. "Take your medications consistently and for the full duration of treatment." D. "You can share your medication with family members if they show TB symptoms."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. It is not recommended to skip doses, but if the client experiences side effects, they should inform their healthcare provider rather than discontinuing treatment without guidance.

Choice B:

Incorrect. TB treatment must be completed in its entirety, even if the client starts to feel better. Stopping treatment prematurely can lead to drug resistance and a relapse of the disease.

Choice C:

Correct. Taking medications consistently and for the full duration of treatment is crucial to cure TB and prevent drug resistance.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Medications for TB should not be shared with family members or others, as they need individualized treatment and evaluation.

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Question 27:

A client with active tuberculosis (TB) is prescribed a multidrug regimen. What should the nurse emphasize to the client about the importance of taking multiple medications?

A. "Taking multiple medications ensures rapid symptom relief." B. "Multiple medications are given to reduce the duration of treatment." C. "Each medication targets a different type of TB bacteria." D. "Combination therapy reduces the risk of drug resistance."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. While multiple medications may lead to symptom relief, the primary goal is to prevent drug resistance.

Choice B:

Incorrect. The duration of TB treatment is determined by the specific regimen and is not solely related to the number of medications.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Multiple medications in TB treatment may target different aspects of TB bacteria, but the primary purpose is to reduce the risk of drug resistance.

Choice D:

Correct. Using multiple medications in combination therapy makes it more difficult for TB bacteria to develop resistance to all drugs simultaneously, helping to prevent drug-resistant TB.

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Question 28:

A nurse is discussing the potential side effects of tuberculosis (TB) medications with a client. The client asks about the importance of reporting side effects promptly. What is the nurse's best response?

A. "Reporting side effects promptly is not necessary unless they become severe." B. "Prompt reporting of side effects allows your healthcare provider to adjust your treatment if needed." C. "Side effects are a normal part of TB treatment and do not require reporting." D. "You should wait until your next appointment to discuss any side effects with your healthcare provider."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Prompt reporting of side effects is important, even if they are not severe, as they may indicate the need for treatment adjustments.

Choice B:

Correct. Reporting side effects promptly allows the healthcare provider to assess and address any issues, potentially preventing treatment interruptions or complications.

Choice C:

Incorrect. While some side effects are expected, not all are normal, and reporting is necessary to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Waiting until the next appointment may lead to prolonged side effects and potential treatment complications.

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Question 29:

A client with tuberculosis (TB) is prescribed a combination of medications. The client asks the nurse about the importance of completing the full course of treatment. What should the nurse emphasize?

A. "Completing the full course of treatment ensures that you will not develop TB again." B. "Stopping treatment early will reduce the risk of medication side effects." C. "Completing the full course of treatment prevents the development of drug-resistant TB." D. "You can stop treatment once your symptoms have completely disappeared."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Completing treatment does not guarantee that the client will not develop TB again in the future, but it reduces the risk of a relapse.

Choice B:

Incorrect. Stopping treatment early does not reduce the risk of side effects; it increases the risk of drug resistance and a relapse.

Choice C:

Correct. Completing the full course of treatment is essential to prevent the development of drug-resistant TB and ensure effective treatment.

Choice D:

Incorrect. TB treatment should be completed as prescribed, regardless of the absence of symptoms, to prevent drug resistance and relapse.

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Question 30:

A client with tuberculosis (TB) is concerned about the potential for spreading the disease to family members. What should the nurse advise the client regarding infection control measures at home?

A. "You should avoid close contact with family members until your TB treatment is completed." B. "Wear a mask at all times when at home to prevent the spread of TB." C. "Good hand hygiene and covering your mouth when coughing can help reduce the risk of transmission." D. "There is no need for any special precautions at home; TB is not easily transmitted."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. While it is essential to minimize close contact, isolation from family members is not typically necessary. Effective treatment and infection control measures can reduce the risk of transmission.

Choice B:

Incorrect. Wearing a mask at all times at home may not be necessary, but it is important to follow respiratory hygiene practices, especially when close to others.

Choice C:

Correct. Good hand hygiene and proper respiratory etiquette, such as covering the mouth when coughing, can help reduce the risk of TB transmission within the household.

Choice D:

Incorrect. TB can be transmitted in close household settings, so infection control measures are important to prevent transmission to family members.

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Question 31:

A nurse is providing education to a client with tuberculosis (TB) about the importance of adhering to the prescribed medication regimen. Which statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of medication adherence?

A. "I can skip a few doses if I'm feeling better to save some medication for later." B. "Taking all my medications as prescribed will help prevent drug resistance." C. "I can stop taking the medication once my cough goes away." D. "I only need to take the medication when I experience severe symptoms."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Skipping doses, even when feeling better, can lead to drug resistance and treatment failure.

Choice B:

Correct. Taking all medications as prescribed is essential to prevent the development of drug-resistant TB.

Choice C:

Incorrect. TB treatment should be completed in its entirety, even if symptoms improve before the regimen is finished.

Choice D:

Incorrect. TB medications should be taken as prescribed, not solely based on symptom severity.

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Question 32:

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client with active tuberculosis (TB) who will continue treatment at home. The client asks about the need for isolation. What should the nurse advise?

A. "You should isolate yourself from family members and avoid any close contact." B. "Isolation is not necessary as long as you take your medication as prescribed." C. "You can return to your normal activities and interactions; isolation is not required." D. "Isolation is needed for the first week of treatment, but after that, you can resume normal activities."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Isolating from family members and avoiding close contact is not typically necessary for clients with active TB who are on appropriate treatment.

Choice B:

Incorrect. While medication adherence is crucial, isolation is not a requirement for clients with active TB on treatment.

Choice C:

Correct. Clients with active TB who are on appropriate treatment and have had a reduction in infectiousness can generally return to their normal activities and interactions without isolation.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Isolation is not typically needed during TB treatment, as clients can resume their normal activities once their infectiousness has decreased.

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Question 33:

A nurse is teaching a client with tuberculosis (TB) about respiratory hygiene practices to prevent the spread of the disease. Which instruction should the nurse include?

A. "Avoid covering your mouth when coughing to allow better airflow." B. "Cough and sneeze into a tissue or your elbow, not your hand." C. "It's not necessary to wear a mask when you have a cough." D. "Ventilate your living space by keeping windows and doors closed."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Covering the mouth when coughing is important, as it helps prevent the spread of respiratory droplets to others.

Choice B:

Correct. Coughing and sneezing into a tissue or the elbow helps contain respiratory droplets and reduces the risk of transmission.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Wearing a mask when coughing can be beneficial to prevent the spread of respiratory droplets, especially in crowded settings.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Ventilating living spaces by keeping windows and doors open, not closed, helps reduce the concentration of infectious particles in the air.

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Question 34:

A nurse is providing education to a client with active tuberculosis (TB) about the duration of treatment. The client asks how long they will need to take medications. What is the nurse's best response?

A. "Treatment for TB usually lasts for about one month." B. "You will need to take medications for at least six months." C. "TB treatment can be completed in as little as two weeks." D. "The duration of treatment depends on your symptoms and may vary."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. One month is not typically sufficient for TB treatment; it usually lasts much longer.

Choice B:

Correct. The standard treatment duration for TB is at least six months to ensure complete eradication of the bacteria.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Two weeks is not an adequate duration for TB treatment; it is a prolonged treatment course.

Choice D:

Incorrect. While treatment duration can vary based on individual factors, the minimum duration is typically six months for active TB.

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Question 35:

A client with tuberculosis (TB) asks the nurse about the importance of regular follow-up appointments during treatment. What should the nurse emphasize regarding follow-up care?

A. "Follow-up appointments are only necessary if you experience side effects." B. "Regular follow-up appointments help monitor your progress and ensure treatment effectiveness." C. "You can skip follow-up appointments once you start feeling better." D. "Follow-up appointments are optional; you can decide whether to attend them."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Incorrect. Follow-up appointments are essential for monitoring progress and should not be limited to addressing side effects only.

Choice B:

Correct. Regular follow-up appointments are crucial for monitoring the client's response to treatment, ensuring medication adherence, and assessing for any complications.

Choice C:

Incorrect. Follow-up appointments should not be skipped, as they are important for assessing treatment effectiveness and making any necessary adjustments.

Choice D:

Incorrect. Follow-up appointments are typically not optional; they are a standard part of TB care to ensure successful treatment and minimize the risk of relapse.

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Tuberculosis

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