Review Signs and symptoms

Adverse Drug Reactions and Side Effects > Pharmacology

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Signs and symptoms

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Total Questions : 4

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Question 1:

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for warfarin about potential adverse effects of the medication. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. "I will report any signs of bleeding to my provider." B. "I will take an antacid if I have stomach upset." C. "I will increase my intake of green leafy vegetables." D. "I will use a heating pad for muscle aches."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This statement indicates that the client understands the potential adverse effect of warfarin, which is an anticoagulant medication. The most significant concern with warfarin therapy is the risk of bleeding, so it is crucial for the client to promptly report any signs of bleeding to their healthcare provider.

Choice B:

"I will take an antacid if I have stomach upset.": Antacids are not related to the adverse effects of

warfarin. Stomach upset is not a commonly reported adverse effect of warfarin.

Choice C:

I will increase my intake of green leafy vegetables.": Increasing the intake of green leafy vegetables is not recommended for clients taking warfarin because these foods are high in vitamin K, which can interfere with the medication's anticoagulant effect.

Choice D:

I will use a heating pad for muscle aches.": Muscle aches are not a common adverse effect of warfarin. Using a heating pad would not address this medication-related concern.

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Question 2:

A nurse is reviewing the medication administration record of a client who is receiving digoxin for heart failure. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity in this client?

A. Furosemide B. Metoprolol C. Lisinopril D. Verapamil

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Furosemide: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, can cause electrolyte imbalances, but it does not directly increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.

Choice B:

Metoprolol: Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, does not have a significant interaction with digoxin that increases the risk of toxicity.

Choice C:

Lisinopril: Lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, does not have a significant interaction with digoxin that increases the risk of toxicity.

Choice D:

Verapamil: Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, can increase digoxin levels by inhibiting its clearance. This interaction can lead to digoxin toxicity, which manifests as symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and cardiac arrhythmias.

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Question 3:

A nurse is administering amoxicillin to a client who has a sinus infection. The client reports itching and difficulty breathing. The nurse should suspect that the client is experiencing which of the following types of adverse reactions?

A. Idiosyncratic reaction B. Allergic reaction C. Teratogenic reaction D. Toxic reaction

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Idiosyncratic reaction: Idiosyncratic reactions are unpredictable and

uncommon responses to a medication that are unrelated to the medication's known pharmacological effects. They do not typically manifest as itching and difficulty breathing.

Choice B:

Allergic reaction: The client's symptoms of itching and difficulty breathing are indicative of an allergic reaction. Allergic reactions occur when the immune system recognizes a drug as a foreign substance and launches an immune response, resulting in symptoms such as itching, hives, rash, and respiratory distress.

- Incorrect answers:

Choice C:

Teratogenic reaction: Teratogenic reactions refer to the harmful effects of medications on a developing fetus during pregnancy and are not applicable in this situation.

Choice D:

Toxic reaction: Toxic reactions occur when a medication accumulates to toxic levels in the body. The symptoms described by the client are more consistent with an allergic reaction than a toxic reaction.

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Question 4:

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has a new prescription for phenytoin for seizure control. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following adverse effects of phenytoin to the provider?

A. Gingival hyperplasia B. Diarrhea C. Insomnia D. Tinnitus

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Gingival hyperplasia: Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, an overgrowth of gum tissue. This side effect should be reported to the provider for appropriate management.

Choice B:

Diarrhea is not a common adverse effect of phenytoin. It is not necessary to report it to the provider unless it becomes severe or persistent.

Choice C:

Insomnia is not a common adverse effect of phenytoin. It is not necessary to report it to the provider unless it becomes severe or significantly impacts the client's well-being.

Choice D:

Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is not a common adverse effect of phenytoin. It is not necessary to report it to the provider unless it becomes severe or persistent.

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Signs and symptoms

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