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This is not the best description of fear in school-age children. Fear of body integrity is more common in preschoolers, who may worry about losing body parts or being harmed by monsters or animals.

This is not a good advice for school-age children. Hiding their fears may lead to anxiety, low self-esteem, or isolation. They should be encouraged to express their fears and seek support from trusted adults or peers.

This is not a healthy way to cope with fear in school-age children. Continuous protective behavior by parents may reinforce the child's fears and prevent them from developing coping skills and resilience. Parents should provide reassurance, guidance, and exposure to the feared situations in a gradual and safe manner.

This is a false statement. Problem-solving skills are very important for the suicidal adolescent, as they can help them cope with stressful situations and find alternative solutions to their problems.

This is a false statement. A sense of hopelessness and despair are not normal parts of adolescence, but signs of depression, which is a major risk factor for suicide.

This is a false statement. Previous suicide attempts are a strong indication of risk for completed suicides, as they show the intent and willingness to end one's life.

This is not an appropriate intervention. Anger and aggression are not normal behaviors in preschoolers, regardless of their gender. They may indicate underlying emotional or developmental issues that need to be addressed.

This is not an adequate intervention. Talking to the preschool teacher may provide some information about the child's behavior, but it does not address the root cause or offer any solutions. The nurse should collaborate with the teacher and the parents to develop a plan of care for the child.

This is not a helpful intervention. Consistent and firm discipline is important for any child, but it may not be enough to change the child's behavior if there are other underlying issues. Moreover, harsh or punitive discipline may worsen the child's anger and aggression. The parent should be encouraged to use positive reinforcement, empathy, and problem-solving skills with the child.

This statement does not best illustrate the developmental stage of an eighteen-year-old. Getting an A in a math exam is an academic achievement, but it does not reflect the psychosocial development of the individual.

This statement does not best illustrate the developmental stage of an eighteen-year-old. Going to a senior prom is a social event, but it does not indicate the identity or role of the individual.

This statement does not best illustrate the developmental stage of an eighteen-year-old. Having conflicts with parents is a common issue among adolescents, but it does not show the maturity or independence of the individual.

This is not a correct statement. The mother should be offered testing, but not forced to do so. However, the nurse should explain the benefits of testing and treatment for the mother and the infant.

This is not a correct statement. The infant should not wait until 12 months old to begin ART. According to the World Health Organization, all infants diagnosed with HIV should start ART as soon as possible, regardless of their age or clinical stage¹.

This is not a correct statement. The infant should not wait until they have a clinical manifestation of AIDS to begin ART. Delaying ART can increase the risk of irreversible damage to the immune system, organ failure, and death¹².

This is not the best response, as it may sound accusatory and judgmental. It may also increase the mother's fear and resistance to immunizations.

This is not the best response, as it may sound coercive and threatening. It may also imply that the only reason to immunize the child is to comply with the school requirements, not to protect his health.

This is not the best response, as it may sound too general and vague. It may also not address the mother's specific concerns or questions about immunizations.

This is not the correct answer, as the dose of cefotaxime is not safe for the child. The dose of cefotaxime is 700 mg IV q6 hrs, which means 2800 mg per day. The safe dose range for cefotaxime is 50-200 mg/kg/day, which means 1000-4000 mg per day for a 20 kg child. The dose of cefotaxime is above the safe dose range and may cause toxicity or adverse effects.

This is not the correct cause, as varicella is a viral infection that causes a blister-like rash all over the body, not just in the diaper area. Varicella also causes fever, headache, and malaise¹.

This is not the correct cause, as impetigo is a bacterial infection that causes honey-colored crusts on the skin, usually around the mouth and nose. Impetigo is contagious and can spread to other parts of the body or other people³.

This is not the correct cause, as bacterial infection is too vague and nonspecific. Bacterial infection can cause different types of skin rashes, depending on the type and location of the bacteria. Bacterial infection may also cause other symptoms, such as fever, pus, or swelling⁴.

This is not a correct recommendation, as oil may not be effective in killing lice or nits. Oil may also make the hair greasy and difficult to comb.

This is not a necessary recommendation, as throwing away all stuffed animals may be wasteful and upsetting for the child. Stuffed animals can be treated by sealing them in plastic bags for two weeks or by putting them in a dryer on high heat for 20 minutes¹.

This is a good recommendation, as thorough cleaning of brushes, hats, and linens can help prevent the spread of lice to other people or items. However, staying home until there are no more nits is not required, as nits are not contagious and do not pose a health risk².

This is not a correct statement, as treatment for atopic dermatitis includes keeping the skin moist, not dry. Dry skin can worsen the itching and inflammation of eczema. Moisturizers, emollients, and topical steroids can help hydrate and protect the skin¹.

This is not a correct statement, as there is no cure for atopic dermatitis. It is a chronic condition that can flare up and subside over time. Treatment can help control the symptoms and prevent complications, but it cannot eliminate the disease¹.

This is not a correct statement, as atopic dermatitis is not directly associated with upper respiratory tract infections. However, some infants with atopic dermatitis may also have asthma or allergic rhinitis, which can increase the risk of respiratory infections².

This is not a correct statement, as treatment for atopic dermatitis includes keeping the skin moist, not dry. Dry skin can worsen the itching and inflammation of eczema. Moisturizers, emollients, and topical steroids can help hydrate and protect the skin¹.

This is not a correct statement, as there is no cure for atopic dermatitis. It is a chronic condition that can flare up and subside over time. Treatment can help control the symptoms and prevent complications, but it cannot eliminate the disease¹.

This is not a correct statement, as atopic dermatitis is not directly associated with upper respiratory tract infections. However, some infants with atopic dermatitis may also have asthma or allergic rhinitis, which can increase the risk of respiratory infections².

This is not a correct statement, as parents cannot meet all of the child's needs. The child needs social interaction and physical activity to promote their growth and development. The parents should encourage the child to play with other children, as long as the activities are appropriate for the child's condition.

This is not a correct statement, as constant parental supervision is not needed to avoid overexertion. The parents should monitor the child's activity level and signs of fatigue, but they should not interfere with the child's play unless necessary. The parents should also teach the child to recognize and report any symptoms of overexertion, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or dizziness.

This is not a correct statement, as the child does not need to understand that peers' activities are too strenuous. The child may feel left out or inferior if they think they cannot do what their peers can do. The child should be allowed to participate in activities that are suitable for their age and ability, and that do not pose a risk to their health.

This is not a correct statement, as somnolence, hypotension, and oliguria are signs of decompensated shock, not compensated shock. These indicate that the child's blood pressure and urine output are dropping, and that the brain is not receiving enough oxygen.

This is not a correct statement, as hypotension is a sign of decompensated shock, not compensated shock. This indicates that the child's blood pressure is falling below normal levels, and that the compensatory mechanisms are failing.

This is not a correct statement, as bradycardia is a sign of irreversible shock, not compensated shock. This indicates that the child's heart rate is slowing down, and that the heart is failing to pump blood effectively.

This is not a correct statement, as the American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend avoiding breastfeeding for children with congenital heart disease. On the contrary, it supports breastfeeding as the optimal source of nutrition for infants, including those with special health care needs¹.

This is not the correct order, as IV fluids at 2x maintenance are not enough to restore the blood volume and perfusion in hypovolemic shock. The child needs a rapid IV fluid bolus of 20 ml/kg to replace the fluid losses and improve the hemodynamic status¹.

This is not the correct order, as medication to support cardiac function should be given after the IV fluid bolus, not before. The fluid bolus is the first priority to increase the preload and cardiac output in hypovolemic shock. Medications such as inotropes or vasopressors may be needed if the fluid bolus is not effective or causes adverse effects¹².

This is not the correct order, as IV fluid bolus of 10 ml/kg is not enough to restore the blood volume and perfusion in hypovolemic shock. The child needs a rapid IV fluid bolus of 20 ml/kg to replace the fluid losses and improve the hemodynamic status¹.

This is not a correct statement, as coarse breath sounds, abnormal ECG, and joint pain are not typical signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease. Coarse breath sounds may indicate respiratory infection or congestion, abnormal ECG may indicate cardiac arrhythmia or damage, and joint pain may indicate arthritis or inflammation¹.

This is not a correct statement, as murmur, tachycardia, and low erythrocyte sedimentation rate are not typical signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease. Murmur may indicate a heart valve problem, tachycardia may indicate fever or dehydration, and low erythrocyte sedimentation rate may indicate anemia or inflammation¹.

This is not a correct statement, as abdominal pain, vomiting, and restlessness are not typical signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease. Abdominal pain and vomiting may indicate gastrointestinal infection or irritation, and restlessness may indicate discomfort or anxiety¹.

This is not the correct order, as obtaining blood cultures should be done after starting high dose antibiotics, not before. This is because antibiotics can interfere with the detection of bacteria in the blood and affect the accuracy of the diagnosis¹.

This is not the correct order, as administering high dose steroids is not indicated for infective endocarditis, unless there is evidence of severe inflammation or allergic reaction. Steroids can suppress the immune system and increase the risk of infection².

This is not the correct order, as starting the child on high dose aspirin is not recommended for infective endocarditis, unless there is evidence of thromboembolic complications or Kawasaki disease. Aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding and interfere with the action of antibiotics³.

This is not a correct statement, as the Trendelenburg position can worsen the cyanosis and hypoxia in infants with tetralogy of Fallot. This position decreases the systemic vascular resistance and increases the right-to-left shunting of blood, reducing the pulmonary blood flow and oxygenation¹².

This is not a correct statement, as feeding the infant every 2 hours around the clock can cause overfeeding and fatigue in infants with tetralogy of Fallot. These infants may have poor appetite and weight gain due to their cardiac condition, and they may need frequent rest periods during feeding. Feeding the infant on demand or every 3 to 4 hours may be more appropriate¹³.

This is not a correct statement, as adding rice cereal to the formula can increase the risk of aspiration and choking in infants with tetralogy of Fallot. These infants may have difficulty swallowing and coordinating their breathing, and they may need a thin and easily digestible formula. Adding rice cereal to the formula may also increase the caloric density and volume, which can cause overfeeding and fatigue¹³.

This is a correct statement, as assessing the affected extremity for temperature and color can help detect any signs of vascular injury or thrombosis after the cardiac catheterization. The extremity should be warm and pink, indicating adequate blood flow. If the extremity is cold, pale, or cyanotic, it may indicate ischemia or occlusion¹.

This is a correct statement, as checking pulses above the catheterization site for equality and symmetry can help detect any signs of arterial injury or spasm after the cardiac catheterization. The pulses should be strong and equal on both sides, indicating normal blood flow. If the pulses are weak, absent, or unequal, it may indicate arterial occlusion or narrowing¹.

This is a correct statement, as monitoring vital signs frequently can help detect any signs of bleeding, infection, or cardiac complications after the cardiac catheterization. The vital signs should be stable and within normal limits, indicating normal hemodynamic status. If the vital signs are abnormal, such as hypotension, tachycardia, fever, or dysrhythmia, it may indicate hemorrhage, sepsis, or cardiac tamponade¹².

This is not a correct statement, as delaying dental visits until the child's heart defect is fully repaired is not advisable. Dental visits are important for maintaining oral hygiene and preventing dental caries, which can increase the risk of infective endocarditis. The child should have regular dental check-ups and follow the dentist's recommendations for oral care¹.

This is not a correct statement, as administration of daily prophylactic antibiotics is not recommended for prevention of infective endocarditis. Daily antibiotics can cause adverse effects, such as allergic reactions, diarrhea, or yeast infections. They can also lead to antibiotic resistance, which can make the treatment of infective endocarditis more difficult².

This is not a correct statement, as high dose IV antibiotics for 29 weeks is not a preventive measure, but a treatment option for infective endocarditis. IV antibiotics are given to eradicate the infection and prevent complications, such as heart failure or stroke. The duration of treatment depends on the type and severity of the infection, but it usually ranges from 4 to 6 weeks²³.

This is not a correct statement, as bradycardia, bounding pulses, and cyanosis are not typical signs and symptoms of moderate congestive heart failure. Bradycardia may indicate a heart block or a vagal response, bounding pulses may indicate a patent ductus arteriosus or aortic regurgitation, and cyanosis may indicate a severe right-to-left shunt or a pulmonary embolism¹.

This is not a correct statement, as overdiuresis, increased appetite, and increased thirst are not typical signs and symptoms of moderate congestive heart failure. Overdiuresis may indicate a renal dysfunction or a diuretic overdose, increased appetite may indicate a normal growth spurt or a metabolic disorder, and increased thirst may indicate dehydration or diabetes¹.

This is not a correct statement, as wheezing, pallor, and capillary refill time < 2 seconds are not typical signs and symptoms of moderate congestive heart failure. Wheezing may indicate a bronchospasm or an asthma attack, pallor may indicate anemia or shock, and capillary refill time < 2 seconds may indicate a normal or increased peripheral perfusion¹.

Cardiac arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm that can affect the heart's ability to pump blood. However, it is not a direct consequence of a ventricular septal defect (VSD), which is a hole in the wall between the lower chambers of the heart¹.

Increased stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat. It can be increased by a VSD, as the left ventricle has to work harder to compensate for the blood loss through the hole. However, this does not explain the infant's symptoms, as the stroke volume may not be enough to maintain a normal cardiac output².

Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to low oxygen levels in the blood. It can be caused by a VSD, as the oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle can mix with the oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle through the hole, and then be pumped to the body. However, this is more likely to occur in large VSDs or in infants with other heart defects that cause right-to-left shunting of blood³.

Making the patient NPO (nothing by mouth) is not an appropriate intervention for CHF. NPO status may be indicated for other reasons, such as before surgery or certain tests, but it does not address the fluid overload or poor cardiac function that causes CHF.

Administering antipyretics is not a specific intervention for CHF. Antipyretics are used to lower fever, which may or may not be present in CHF. Fever may indicate an infection, which can worsen CHF, but antipyretics alone do not treat the underlying cause of the infection or the CHF.

Providing IV bolus is not a recommended intervention for CHF. IV bolus is a rapid infusion of fluid or medication into the bloodstream. This may increase the fluid volume and pressure in the body and lungs, which can exacerbate CHF and cause pulmonary edema. IV bolus may be used for other conditions, such as hypovolemic shock or dehydration, but not for CHF.

Unfamiliar equipment should be shown to the child and the family before the surgery, as part of the preoperative education and preparation. This can help reduce the child's fear and anxiety, as well as increase the child's understanding and cooperation during the surgery¹.

Explain that an endotracheal tube will be needed for the surgery, regardless of how well it goes. The endotracheal tube is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea to provide mechanical ventilation during the surgery and the immediate postoperative period. The child and the family should be informed about the purpose, duration, and possible complications of the endotracheal tube, as well as the methods of communication and comfort measures².

Mention the postoperative discomfort and interventions that the child may experience after the surgery, such as pain, nausea, chest tubes, drains, dressings, and monitors. The child and the family should be reassured that these are normal and expected, and that the nurse will provide adequate pain relief and care. The child and the family should also be taught about the postoperative activities and exercises, such as deep breathing, coughing, turning, and leg movements, to promote recovery and prevent complications³.

A low protein diet is not recommended for infants with congestive heart failure. Protein is essential for growth and development, as well as for tissue repair and immune function. Infants with congestive heart failure may have increased protein needs due to increased metabolic rate, fluid loss, and tissue breakdown. A low protein diet may worsen their nutritional status and compromise their recovery.

A no added salt diet is advisable for infants with congestive heart failure, but it is not the most important need. Salt or sodium can cause fluid retention and worsen the symptoms of congestive heart failure, such as edema, shortness of breath, and fatigue. A no added salt diet can help prevent fluid overload and reduce the need for diuretics. However, infants with congestive heart failure still need some sodium for normal body functions, and a very low sodium diet may be harmful.

Decreased intake is not a need for infants with congestive heart failure, but rather a potential problem. Decreased intake can result from poor appetite, nausea, vomiting, or difficulty feeding due to respiratory distress or fatigue. Decreased intake can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, malnutrition, and poor growth. Decreased intake should be monitored and corrected by providing frequent, small, and high-calorie feedings, as well as supplemental fluids and electrolytes as needed.