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Oropharynx: The oropharynx is the middle part of the throat behind the mouth. It is the primary pathway food must travel through to reach the esophagus; therefore, it cannot be blocked during swallowing.

Nasopharynx: This must be blocked by the soft palate and uvula to prevent food and liquids from entering the nasal cavity.

Mouth: The tongue blocks the front of the mouth during the "oral stage" of swallowing to ensure food moves backward into the throat rather than forward out of the lips.

touch: Touch is a primary somatic sense mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin.

temperature: Thermoreceptors throughout the body allow us to detect heat and cold as part of the somatic sensory system.

pain: Nociceptors detect tissue damage or potential injury, which is a vital somatic sensation.

is a single strand of nucleotides: DNA is double-stranded. RNA is typically single-stranded.

contains the sugar ribose: DNA contains deoxyribose. Ribose is found in RNA.

transports amino acids during protein synthesis: That is the specific function of transfer RNA (tRNA).

Viruses: Viruses are the simplest pathogens, consisting only of genetic material and a protein coat.

Bacteria: These are single-celled prokaryotic organisms, which are more complex than viruses but less complex than multicellular animals.

Protozoa: These are single-celled eukaryotic organisms; while complex for a single cell, they lack the tissue and organ complexity of a worm.

repolarization: This refers to the phase where a neuron returns to its resting state after firing.

refraction: In biology, this refers to the period during which a nerve cannot fire again (refractory period).

diffusion: This is the passive movement of molecules and does not describe the electrical leaping of a nerve impulse.

proliferative: This phase occurs before ovulation, during which the uterine lining builds up.

follicular: This phase occurs before ovulation, while the egg is maturing inside the follicle.

estrogenic: This is not a formal phase name, though it describes the time when estrogen is the dominant hormone (pre-ovulation).

Women have higher water content than men: Women generally have more subcutaneous fat than men, giving them a lower water percentage.

Elderly people have higher water content than younger people: Total body water typically decreases as people age.

Total body water ranges between 30% and 40% of the total body weight: The average adult body is actually 50%–60% water.

Absorption: This is a major function of epithelial tissue, particularly in the digestive tract.

Secretion: Glandular epithelium is specialized to secrete substances like sweat, enzymes, and hormones.

Protection: The skin (epidermis) is epithelial tissue that serves as the body's primary protective barrier.

osteocytes: These are mature bone cells that maintain the matrix but are no longer responsible for producing it.

osteoclasts: These cells break down or "resorb" bone tissue.

chondrocytes: These cells produce the matrix for cartilage, not bone.

Korotkoff sounds: These are the sounds heard through a stethoscope when measuring blood pressure manually.

minute volume: This is the volume of blood the heart pumps in one minute.

pressure gradient: This describes the difference in pressure between two distinct points in the circulatory system that allows blood to flow.