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This is wrong becauseincreased skin vascularityis not a normal age-related change in the integumentary system.In fact, the blood vessels in the skin become thinner and less elastic, resulting in decreased perfusion and a paler skin tone.

This is wrong becausedecreased skin fragilityis not a normal age-related change in the integumentary system.On the contrary, the skin becomes thinner, less elastic, and more prone to splitting, cracking, and infections due to reduced collagen and elastin production, decreased mitosis in the epidermis, and lowered immunity.

This is wrong becauseincreased sebaceous gland activityis not a normal age-related change in the integumentary system.Rather, the sebaceous glands produce less sebum, which contributes to the dryness and loss of moisture in the skin.

This is wrong because drinking more water may not be enough to hydrate the skin if the skin barrier is impaired or damaged.Drinking water is important for overall health, but it does not directly affect the moisture content of the skin.

This is wrong because avoiding soap and hot water when bathing may not be sufficient to prevent dry skin. Soap can strip the natural oils from the skin, but so can hot water.It is recommended to use mild, non-soap cleansers and warm water instead of hot water when bathing.

This is wrong because wearing layers of clothing to keep warm may not address the underlying cause of feeling cold.Older adults may feel cold more than usual due to various factors, such as thinning of the skin, decreased blood circulation, reduced muscle mass, or hormonal changes.

Wearing layers of clothing may help to maintain body temperature, but it does not treat the cause of feeling cold.

This is wrong because nails do not grow faster and stronger with age, but rather more slowly and may become dull and brittle.

This is wrong because hair does not become more oily and curly with age, but rather drier and finer.

This is wrong because nails do not become smoother and shinier with age, but rather yellowed and opaque.

This is wrong because decreased kyphosis means reduced curvature of the spine, which is not a normal age-related change.In fact, kyphosis tends to increase with aging due to osteoporosis and vertebral compression fractures.

This is wrong because increased lung expansion means greater ability to fill the lungs with air, which is not a normal age-related change.In fact, lung expansion tends to decrease with aging due to loss of elasticity and shape of the air sacs (alveoli) and weakening of the respiratory muscles.

This is wrong because decreased calcification means reduced deposition of calcium in the tissues, which is not a normal age-related change.In fact, calcification tends to increase with aging, especially in the costal cartilages that connect the ribs to the sternum.

This is wrong because increased heart rate is not related to the decreased contractile strength of the myocardium, but rather to the decreased responsiveness of the baroreceptors, which regulate blood pressure.Older adults may have higher resting heart rates and lower maximum heart rates than younger adults.

This is wrong because increased cardiac output is not related to the decreased contractile strength of the myocardium, but rather to the increased blood volume and cardiac workload that may occur with aging.Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate, so a lower stroke volume would tend to decrease cardiac output.

This is wrong because decreased peripheral resistance is not related to the decreased contractile strength of the myocardium, but rather to the decreased elasticity and increased stiffness of the arterial walls that may occur with aging.

This is wrong because thin liquids are more difficult to swallow and control for clients who have dysphagia due to decreased esophageal motility.They can easily enter the airway and cause choking or pneumonia.

Choice C is wrong

This is wrong because hot or spicy foods can irritate the esophagus and worsen the symptoms of dysphagia.They can also trigger reflux, which can damage the esophageal lining and cause narrowing or inflammation.

This is wrong because elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees during meals is not enough to prevent aspiration or regurgitation.The client should be sitting upright at 90 degrees or higher to facilitate swallowing and gravity.

This is wrong because supplements may not be necessary or sufficient to correct these deficiencies.

Supplements can also interact with other medications or have side effects.The client should consult with their healthcare provider before taking any supplements.

This is wrong because gastric acid inhibitors can actually worsen vitamin B12 deficiency.

Gastric acid inhibitors are medications that reduce the amount of stomach acid produced.However, stomach acid is needed to release vitamin B12 from food and to help it bind to a protein called intrinsic factor, which is essential for its absorption in the intestines.

Therefore, taking gastric acid inhibitors can impair vitamin B12 absorption and lead to deficiency.

This is wrong because reducing dairy consumption can further lower calcium intake.

Dairy products are a good source of calcium, which is a mineral that helps build and maintain strong bones and teeth.Calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, which is a condition where the bones become weak and brittle.

This is wrong because older adults have decreased renal clearance, not increased.This means that drugs that are eliminated by the kidneys may accumulate in the body and cause adverse effects.

This is wrong because older adults have decreased plasma protein levels, not increased.This means that drugs that are bound to plasma proteins may have higher free fractions and increased pharmacological effects.

This is wrong because older adults have increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, not decreased.This means that drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier may have enhanced central nervous system effects in older adults.