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Urine specific gravity of 1.029 indicates concentrated urine, which is common in dehydration but not specific to prerenal AKI. It reflects the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine in response to fluid deficit.

BUN of 28 mg/dL can indicate dehydration or renal impairment. However, it is not as specific as creatinine in diagnosing prerenal AKI. BUN can be elevated due to other factors like high protein intake or gastrointestinal bleeding.

Dry mucous membranes are a sign of dehydration but are not specific to prerenal AKI. They indicate fluid volume deficit but do not directly reflect kidney function.

Sustained glycogenolysis does not cause elevated troponin levels. Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, primarily occurring in the liver and muscles, not related to troponin release.

Acute tubular necrosis does not elevate troponin levels. This condition affects the renal tubules and is typically indicated by elevated creatinine and BUN levels.

Troponin is not an acute phase reactant. Acute phase reactants are proteins whose levels change in response to inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), not troponin.

Wearing an N95 mask is appropriate for airborne precautions, such as tuberculosis, but not specifically for MRSA, which requires contact precautions.
 

Wearing a facemask is suitable for droplet precautions, such as influenza, but MRSA is primarily spread through direct contact, not droplets.

Strict hand washing measures are essential but should be performed more frequently than once every 8-hour shift. Hand hygiene should be practiced before and after patient contact.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) typically presents with swelling, pain, and warmth in the affected leg but not redness and fever as primary symptoms.

Osteomyelitis involves infection of the bone, presenting with localized pain, swelling, and fever, but not typically a red, swollen area on the skin.

Gout causes joint pain, swelling, and redness, usually in the big toe, but not a red, swollen area on the leg.

Encephalitis involves inflammation of the brain itself, presenting with fever, headache, and altered mental status, but not specifically photophobia.

Migraine can cause photophobia and headache but is not typically associated with fever and stiff neck.

Sinusitis can cause fever and headache but not typically photophobia and stiff neck.

Increased thirst is a symptom of hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. It occurs when high blood sugar levels cause dehydration.

Increased appetite can occur in hypoglycemia but is not as specific as other symptoms like slurred speech.

Polyuria is a symptom of hyperglycemia, where excess glucose in the blood leads to increased urine production.

Administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate helps to lower potassium levels by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the intestines. However, it is not the first intervention because it takes time to work and does not address the immediate risk of cardiac arrhythmias caused by hyperkalemia.

Restricting dietary potassium intake is an important long-term management strategy for hyperkalemia, especially in clients with chronic kidney disease. However, it does not address the immediate risk of cardiac arrhythmias and is not the first intervention.

Preparing the client for hemodialysis is a definitive treatment for hyperkalemia, especially in clients with chronic kidney disease. However, it is not the first intervention because it takes time to arrange and initiate dialysis. Immediate cardiac monitoring is necessary to manage the acute risk of arrhythmias.

Cerebral edema is the swelling of the brain due to fluid accumulation, which can occur after excessive alcohol consumption. However, it is not related to myxedema, which is a condition associated with severe hypothyroidism.

The deposit of fatty tissue is associated with conditions like hyperaldosteronism, where there is an excess production of aldosterone. This condition does not cause the characteristic skin changes seen in myxedema.

Proliferation of tissue behind the eyes, known as exophthalmos, is common in hyperthyroidism, particularly in Graves’ disease. Myxedema, on the other hand, is related to severe hypothyroidism and involves different pathophysiological mechanisms.

A heart rate of 90 beats per minute is within the normal range and does not indicate a hypertensive crisis. While it is important to monitor heart rate, it is not a definitive sign of a hypertensive emergency.

A respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute is within the normal range and does not indicate a hypertensive crisis. Respiratory rate alone is not a reliable indicator of hypertensive emergencies.

A temperature of 37°C (98.6°F) is normal and does not indicate a hypertensive crisis. Body temperature is not a primary indicator of hypertensive emergencies.

Hyperkalemia can cause weakness and fatigue, but it is not directly related to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ACS is primarily associated with chest pain and other cardiac symptoms.

Experiencing chest pain when climbing a flight of stairs may indicate stable angina, which is a form of chronic coronary artery disease. However, it does not meet the criteria for ACS, which involves more severe and persistent symptoms.

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is a symptom of heart failure, not acute coronary syndrome (ACS). While heart failure can coexist with ACS, PND alone does not indicate ACS4.