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Jehovah’s Witnesses refuse blood transfusions, including those from family members, due to their religious beliefs. They believe that both the Old and New Testaments command them to abstain from blood (Genesis 9:4; Leviticus 17:10; Deuteronomy 12:23; Acts 15:28, 29). Therefore, this option is incorrect.

While Jehovah’s Witnesses generally refuse blood transfusions, there are exceptional circumstances where medical professionals can seek a court order to administer blood transfusions, especially in life-threatening situations involving minors. Thus, this statement is not entirely accurate.

Volume expanders can be used to increase blood volume and maintain circulation, but they do not carry oxygen or replace lost blood cells. While they are an option for managing blood loss, they are not a substitute for blood transfusions in severe cases of anemia or blood loss, which are common in leukemia patients. Thus, this option is not entirely correct.

This choice is incorrect. A heart rate of 90 is within the normal range for a 3-year-old.

This choice is incorrect. A blood pressure of 100/52 is within the normal range for a 3-year-old.

This choice is incorrect. A temperature of 98.8°F (37.1°C) is within the normal range for a 3-year-old.

This choice is incorrect. Confidentiality laws often protect the privacy of minors seeking treatment for sexually transmitted diseases.

This choice is incorrect. It suggests that someone else needs to be contacted, which is not necessary if the patient wishes for the visit to remain confidential.

This choice is incorrect. Minors may consent to their own treatment for sexually transmitted diseases in many jurisdictions without parental consent.

While colic can be distressing, it is not life-threatening and does not require immediate assessment over more critical conditions.

Suspicions of sexual activity in an adolescent are a concern but do not constitute an emergency that requires immediate assessment.

A bite from another child, although potentially serious, is less urgent than a trauma case and can be assessed after more critical patients.

While it's true that each child grows at their own pace, there are general milestones for weight gain that can guide expectations.

This choice is incorrect. A 10 lb increase is not a standard milestone for weight gain at 6 months.

This choice is incorrect. Doubling the birth weight is expected by 6 months, but tripling may also be normal.

Developing friendships is important, but it is not as critical as walking in the early stages of a toddler's development.

Self-feeding is an important skill, but it typically develops after the child has learned to walk.

Potty-training is a key milestone, but it usually occurs after the child has achieved the ability to walk.

Adolescents are capable of more complex thinking and are less likely to view illness as a punishment for misdeeds.

Infants do not have the cognitive ability to associate illness with punishment.

School-age children are beginning to understand the biological causes of illness and are less likely to view it as a punishment.

This choice is incorrect. It is not unusual for a 5-year-old to have difficulty with zippers.

This choice is incorrect. Reciting a phone number is not expected of a 2-year-old.

This choice is incorrect. A 2-year-old typically does not have the fine motor skills to cut with scissors.

Choice E reason: This is one of the correct choices. An 18-month-old should be starting to phrase simple sentences, and the inability to do so may indicate a developmental delay.

This choice is incorrect. There is no need for the mother to leave the room unless the child requests privacy.

This choice is incorrect. While reviewing health promotion is important, it should not be the focus during a sick visit.

This choice is incorrect. A comprehensive history is not necessary if the child is regularly seen and was recently assessed.

This choice might not arouse suspicion as it could be a plausible accident involving siblings.

This choice also might not arouse suspicion as accidents can happen when children are playing and not being watched closely.

This choice is less likely to arouse suspicion as slipping on ice is a common accident.