Share This Link

"An oophorectomy will prevent you from having breast cancer in the future.": While removing the ovaries reduces estrogen production and may slightly lower the risk of hormone-dependent cancers, it does not eliminate the possibility of developing breast cancer.

"You will need to continue using a contraceptive if you do not desire pregnancy.": After bilateral oophorectomy, both ovaries are removed, halting ovulation permanently and making pregnancy impossible. Therefore, contraception is no longer necessary.

"You will need to have your hormone level tested monthly for 6 months following surgery.": Routine monthly hormone testing is not required after oophorectomy. Hormonal changes are expected, and management is typically guided by symptoms rather than frequent laboratory monitoring.

"Do you like your new school?": This question invites only a yes-or-no response and provides limited information. It does not encourage the child to elaborate on specific experiences or interactions that might be affecting adjustment.

"Are you happy with your teacher?": While this question addresses one aspect of the school environment, it is also close-ended and may not fully reveal the child’s feelings or experiences related to school adjustment.

"Do you enjoy reading a book?": This question focuses on a specific activity rather than the broader social and emotional adjustment to school. It does not assess interactions with peers or the classroom environment.

"I get sharp pain in my lower abdomen usually starting soon after my period comes.": This statement suggests dysmenorrhea, which refers to painful menstruation caused by uterine contractions or conditions like endometriosis, not abnormal uterine bleeding.

"I get really irritable and moody about a week before my period.": These symptoms are consistent with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a hormonal and emotional response that occurs before menstruation, not a bleeding irregularity.

"My periods have been unusually short but heavy lately.": While this may suggest menorrhagia or other menstrual changes, it is still a cyclical pattern. Abnormal uterine bleeding typically involves unpredictable timing or prolonged irregular bleeding beyond normal cycles.

Poor muscle tone: Poor muscle tone often suggests neurologic impairment, fatigue, or illness rather than pain. Infants in pain typically exhibit increased muscle tension, rigidity, or restlessness rather than flaccidity.

Eyes wide open: Wide-open eyes are not specific to pain and may indicate alertness, fear, or surprise. Pain responses in infants more commonly include tightly closed eyes rather than wide-open ones.

Dry palms and feet: Dry palms and feet are not associated with pain in infants. In fact, pain may trigger sweating or clammy extremities due to sympathetic nervous system activation, not dryness.

Nails that curve inward: Inward curving, or spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia), are typically associated with iron deficiency anemia rather than hypoxemia. They reflect nutritional or hematologic issues rather than oxygen deprivation.

Nails that curve outward: Outward curving nails are usually a normal shape variation and do not necessarily indicate disease. They lack the bulbous appearance and softening of the nail bed seen in clubbing.

Dry, brittle nails: Brittle nails are commonly linked to dehydration, nutritional deficiencies, or thyroid disorders, not chronic hypoxemia. Oxygen deprivation primarily affects soft tissue rather than nail strength or moisture.

The parents: While parents provide valuable health history and emotional support, they are not the focus of the physical exam. Their role is mainly to comfort the child and supply additional background information during the assessment.

Chief complaint: Although addressing the chief complaint is important, the physical exam should not be limited to it. A comprehensive examination ensures that all body systems are assessed, identifying potential issues beyond the presenting concern.

Developmental age: Developmental age helps guide the approach to the examination, such as communication style and expected milestones, but it is not the main focus. It informs how the nurse interacts with and evaluates the child rather than being the object of the exam itself.

Genetic testing for BRCA genes: BRCA testing is indicated for women with a strong family history or known genetic risk of breast cancer, not as the initial diagnostic step for a newly detected breast lump. It helps assess genetic susceptibility but does not diagnose the current mass.

Fine-needle aspiration: Fine-needle aspiration is used later to obtain tissue or fluid for cytologic analysis once imaging confirms a suspicious lesion. It is not the first step before confirming the lump’s characteristics through imaging.

Hormone receptor status: Hormone receptor testing is performed only after a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer from biopsy results. It guides treatment decisions but is not part of the initial workup.

"One injection will give her a lifetime of protection.": The HPV vaccine requires more than one dose for full immunity. A single injection does not provide adequate long-term protection against human papillomavirus.

"She will need to get a total of four injections in the next 3 months.": The HPV vaccine schedule does not include four doses. Administering too many doses in such a short time frame is unnecessary and not part of CDC guidelines.

"She will need one injection every 5 years.": The HPV vaccine does not require booster shots every five years. Once the full series is completed, no additional routine boosters are currently recommended.

Electrocauterization: This procedure uses electric current to destroy tissue and is not a standard treatment for fibroids. It may cause uterine scarring, which can impair fertility and is therefore not appropriate for clients wishing to conceive.

Dilation and curettage (D&C): A D&C involves scraping the uterine lining to control bleeding or obtain tissue samples. It does not remove fibroids located in the uterine wall and provides only temporary symptom relief without addressing the root cause.

Laparoscopy: Laparoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that can be used for various procedures, including a myomectomy. However, by itself, laparoscopy is a diagnostic or operative method—not the specific procedure for removing fibroids while preserving fertility.