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An agonist increases, not decreases, the activity of the receptor it binds to.

An agonist has an effect on the activity of the receptor it binds to by increasing its activity. d. An agonist activates, not blocks, the activity of the receptor it binds to.

An agonist is a medication that binds to a specific receptor and activates it, increasing its activity. A medication that acts as an agonist at a specific receptor will increase the activity of that receptor.

Oral administration would result in lower bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism.

Subcutaneous administration may also be subject to first-pass metabolism.

Intramuscular administration may also be subject to first-pass metabolism.

An antagonist blocks, not increases, the activity of the receptor it binds to.

An antagonist does not directly decrease the activity of the receptor it binds to but prevents its activation by other medications or endogenous ligands.

An antagonist has an effect on the activity of the receptor it binds to by blocking its activation.

Additive effects occur when two drugs produce similar effects and their combined effect is equal to sum of their individual effects

Additive effects occur when two drugs produce similar effects and their combined effect is equal to sum of their individual effects

Additive effects affect pharmacodynamics by determining how two drugs interact when given together

A drug with high intrinsic efficacy produces maximal response when bound and can activate receptors fully.

A drug with high intrinsic efficacy produces maximal response when bound and can activate receptors fully.

Intrinsic efficacy affects pharmacodynamics by determining how well a drug activates receptors once bound.

Synergistic effects occur when two drugs produce similar or complementary effects and their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects

Synergistic effects occur when two drugs produce similar or complementary effects and their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects

Synergistic effects affect pharmacodynamics by determining how two drugs interact when given together

A drug with a low therapeutic index has a narrow margin of safety,meaning that the difference between its toxic and therapeutic doses is small

A drug with a low therapeutic index has a narrow margin of safety,meaning that the difference between its toxic and therapeutic doses is small

Therapeutic index affects pharmacodynamics by determining the margin of safety between the toxic and therapeutic doses of a drug

An allosteric modulator binds to a different site from endogenous ligands,not the same site.

An allosteric modulator affects receptor activity indirectly by enhancing or inhibiting the binding or activity of endogenous ligands.

Allosteric modulation affects pharmacodynamics by altering receptor activity through indirect mechanisms.

Antagonistic effects occur when two drugs produce opposing effects and their combined effect is less than the sum of their individual effects.

Antagonistic effects occur when two drugs produce opposing effects and their combined effect is less than the sum of their individual effects.When administering two drugs with antagonistic effects,the nurse should consider their combined effect and adjust dosing accordingly.

Antagonistic effects affect pharmacodynamics by determining how two drugs interact when given together.

 Oral administration is not suitable for medications that undergo extensive first-pass metabolism because the drug is significantly metabolized in the liver before reaching systemic circulation, reducing its bioavailability.

 Subcutaneous administration also bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, but it is less direct compared to intravenous administration. While it reduces first-pass metabolism, it is not as efficient as intravenous administration for avoiding it completely.

 Intramuscular administration, like subcutaneous, bypasses the gastrointestinal tract but still involves some degree of absorption delay and potential metabolism before reaching systemic circulation. It is more efficient than oral but less so than intravenous.