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Nitrofurantoin is generally avoided in the first trimester and near term due to potential risk of hemolytic anemia in the newborn.

Doxycycline is contraindicated during pregnancy because it can affect fetal bone and tooth development.

Ciprofloxacin is generally avoided in pregnancy due to potential adverse effects on fetal cartilage development.

Latent tuberculosis is treated with specific anti-tuberculosis medications such as isoniazid or rifampin, not Fosfomycin.

Dental abscesses require antibiotics that target oral flora, such as amoxicillin or clindamycin, rather than Fosfomycin.

Nodular acne is typically treated with topical or systemic antibiotics like tetracyclines, retinoids, or hormonal therapy, not Fosfomycin.

HIV/AIDS is not treated with fluconazole; antiretroviral therapy is the standard treatment.

Tuberculosis is treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs such as isoniazid, rifampin, or pyrazinamide, not fluconazole.

Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus and is treated with antiviral medications such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir, not antifungals like fluconazole.

Rhogam does not act in the fetal circulation.

Rhogam does not bind to maternal red blood cells directly; its purpose is to prevent maternal sensitization to fetal cells.

Rhogam does not act in the fetal circulation; its mechanism is specifically focused on maternal immune prevention.

While phenazopyridine can be taken with food to reduce stomach upset, the key characteristic of this medication is its effect on urine color, not nausea prevention.

Cranberry juice does not interact significantly with phenazopyridine; there is no need to avoid it.

Phenazopyridine is not an antibiotic and does not kill bacteria or inhibit cell wall synthesis. Its role is purely symptomatic relief.

While catch-up vaccination can be administered up to age 26, the optimal age for initiating the series is younger.

Age 50 is well beyond the recommended range for HPV vaccination initiation.

Age 4 is too early for HPV vaccination, as the vaccine is targeted toward preadolescents and adolescents for optimal immune response and protection.

Liver damage is not a direct contraindication for gentamicin because the drug is primarily eliminated by the kidneys.

Gastric ulceration does not affect gentamicin use, as the drug is given intravenously and does not irritate the stomach lining.

Cephalexin allergy (a beta-lactam antibiotic) is not a contraindication for gentamicin, as there is no cross-reactivity between cephalosporins and aminoglycosides.

Waiting for a temperature over 102.5 °F or a prolonged duration could delay treatment in a neutropenic patient, increasing the risk of severe infection or sepsis.

Requiring two temperatures of 102 °F in 24 hours is too restrictive and may delay urgent care.

A single temperature of 102 °F or sustained 101.5 °F is higher than standard neutropenic fever thresholds and could miss early infection signs.

Thiamine (vitamin B1) is used to prevent or treat Wernicke’s encephalopathy, not isoniazid-induced neuropathy.

Folic acid is important in DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation but does not prevent isoniazid-related neuropathy.

Niacin (vitamin B3) helps prevent pellagra, not peripheral neuropathy caused by isoniazid.