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Blood pressure increases: Parasympathetic activity tends to reduce vascular tone and cardiac output, so blood pressure usually decreases rather than rises.

Bronchioles dilate: The parasympathetic system causes bronchoconstriction, while bronchodilation is a sympathetic response.

Pupils dilate: Pupil dilation (mydriasis) is controlled by the sympathetic system; the parasympathetic system produces constriction (miosis).

Pulmonary veins: These vessels return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, not to the rest of the body.

Pulmonary arteries: These transport deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.

Superior vena cava: This large vein delivers deoxygenated blood from the upper body into the right atrium.

Calcium (Ca⁺): This mineral plays roles in bone strength, muscle contraction, and clotting but is not involved in oxygen binding in hemoglobin.

Sodium (Na⁺): Sodium helps regulate fluid balance and nerve signaling, but it does not participate in oxygen transport.

Potassium (K⁺): Potassium maintains cell membrane potential and nerve conduction, not oxygen binding.

Fallopian tube: While fertilization usually occurs here, implantation in this site results in an ectopic pregnancy.

Cervix: The cervix is the lower part of the uterus and is not a site of normal implantation.

Perimetrium: This is the outermost uterine layer that provides structural covering, not the site of implantation.

A. Edema: When fluid intake or retention exceeds fluid output, excess fluid accumulates in tissues, resulting in edema.
B. Dehydration: This occurs when fluid losses are greater than intake, leading to a fluid deficit.
C. Hypernatremia: This condition reflects elevated sodium concentration in the blood, often linked to water loss, not simply fluid excess.

A. Edema: When fluid intake or retention exceeds fluid output, excess fluid accumulates in tissues, resulting in edema.
B. Dehydration: This occurs when fluid losses are greater than intake, leading to a fluid deficit.
C. Hypernatremia: This condition reflects elevated sodium concentration in the blood, often linked to water loss, not simply fluid excess.

A. Edema: When fluid intake or retention exceeds fluid output, excess fluid accumulates in tissues, resulting in edema.
B. Dehydration: This occurs when fluid losses are greater than intake, leading to a fluid deficit.
C. Hypernatremia: This condition reflects elevated sodium concentration in the blood, often linked to water loss, not simply fluid excess.

Carbon dioxide: CO₂ is a major waste product of aerobic metabolism (citric acid cycle); it is not the primary product of ATP production when oxygen is lacking.

Ketones: Ketone bodies form during prolonged fasting or uncontrolled fat breakdown (ketogenesis), not as a direct product of anaerobic ATP generation.

Bilirubin: Bilirubin is produced from heme breakdown during red blood cell turnover and is unrelated to anaerobic ATP production.

Type B: Type B blood has B antigen and anti-A antibodies, so it cannot safely receive blood containing A antigen.

Type A: Type A blood has A antigen and anti-B antibodies, so it cannot safely receive blood containing B antigen.

Type O: Type O blood lacks A and B antigens (making it a universal donor for ABO), but it contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, so recipients with other ABO types can react to it.

Somatic: The somatic nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements and does not produce decreases in heart rate or blood pressure.

Afferent: Afferent pathways carry sensory information to the CNS; they are not a motor division that directly lowers heart rate and blood pressure.

Sympathetic: Sympathetic activation raises heart rate and blood pressure as part of the fight-or-flight response.

Vitamin D: Important for calcium/phosphate balance and has immune roles, but it is not the key vitamin for collagen synthesis.

Vitamin K: Required for activation of clotting factors and some bone proteins, not directly for collagen production.

Vitamin A: Important for vision, epithelial health, and immune function, but not directly required for collagen hydroxylation.

The atria contract (systole): Atrial contraction occurs with the P wave and the PR interval, before the QRS complex.

The semilunar (SL) valves close: SL valve closure happens at the end of ventricular systole (producing the second heart sound), not during the QRS.

The atrioventricular (AV) valves open: AV valves open during diastole to allow ventricular filling and are closed during the ventricular depolarization/contraction that the QRS represents.