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An elevated heart rate can be a sign of hypovolemia or stress response but is not the most reliable indicator of adequate fluid resuscitation.

Serum hemoglobin levels may remain elevated due to hemoconcentration and are not the best indicator of resuscitation effectiveness.

Clear breath sounds are important but do not directly reflect the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation.

9% represents the total surface area of one arm (anterior and posterior combined), not both arms.

12% is not a correct calculation based on the Rule of Nines.

36% represents a much larger area, such as the entire trunk (anterior and posterior), not just the arms.

Infection is a significant concern in burn clients but is not the immediate life-threatening priority in the initial phase of care.

Fluid imbalance is a critical issue during burn management, especially in the resuscitation phase, but airway management takes precedence.

Paralytic ileus can occur due to stress and decreased perfusion but is a lower priority compared to airway compromise.

Blackened dead skin (eschar) is indicative of a full-thickness (third-degree) burn, not a first-degree burn.

Blistering suggests a partial-thickness (second-degree) burn, often caused by more intense heat or flame exposure.

Excessive scarring typically results from deeper burns, such as second- or third-degree burns, not superficial ones.

Smoke inhalation injuries primarily affect the respiratory tract, not just the skin.

Smoke inhalation injuries often lead to immediate and potentially life-threatening complications, such as airway edema, carbon monoxide poisoning, and respiratory distress.

While individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions may be more vulnerable, smoke inhalation injuries can occur in anyone exposed to smoke in a fire and are not limited to those with underlying conditions.

Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) reflects left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and can be used as an indicator of left heart function and fluid status.

Not applicable as a standalone choice.

Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) is a direct reflection of left atrial pressure and is considered a sensitive indicator of left ventricular preload and fluid volume status.

Burns can be caused by various sources, including scalds, chemicals, electricity, and radiation, not just fire.

Many burns can be prevented with awareness and safety interventions.

Burns can be severe even if they cover a small area, especially if they affect critical regions like the face, hands, feet, or perineum, or if they are deep (e.g., full-thickness burns).

Infection prevention is managed through sterile technique and proper tracheostomy care, not by using a one-way valve cap.

A one-way valve cap does not deliver oxygen; in fact, it requires that the patient be able to breathe through their upper airway.

Suctioning is performed through the tracheostomy tube, but the one-way valve cap is not designed to assist in that process.

Proper oral care actually reduces the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by minimizing bacterial colonization in the mouth.

Oral care should be provided more frequently than once a day, often every 2 to 4 hours, to be effective.

Neglecting oral care in patients with an ETT increases the risk of complications, so it is definitely necessary.

Ignoring an arterial line alarm is more serious than causing temporary discomfort.

Ignoring alarms contributes to alarm fatigue but does not justify the action or improve safety.

Ignoring alarms does not improve patient outcomes; it significantly increases risk.