Review ATI Pharmacology Quiz 240

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ATI Pharmacology Quiz 240

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Total Questions : 67

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Question 1:

The nurse is caring for a client who is taking simvastatin (Zocor). What should the nurse instruct this client to avoid while taking this medication?

A. Orange juice B. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplements C. Grapefruit juice D. All fruit juices

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Orange juice does not interact with simvastatin and does not need to be avoided.

Choice B:

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplements are sometimes taken by patients on statins to help alleviate the side effects like muscle pain, but they do not need to be avoided.

Choice C:

Grapefruit juice should be avoided while taking simvastatin because it contains compounds that interfere with the enzymes that metabolize statins, potentially leading to increased drug levels and greater risk of side effects such as muscle damage.

Choice D:

Not all fruit juices interact with simvastatin; the specific concern is with grapefruit juice.

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Question 2:

Because HDL transports cholesterol for destructions and removes it from the body, it is considered “ ” cholesterol.

A. good B. contraindicated C. bad D. lifestyle

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

HDL cholesterol is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it helps remove other forms of cholesterol from your bloodstream, decreasing the risk of heart disease.

Choice B:

"Contraindicated" is not a term used to describe cholesterol.

Choice C:

"Bad" cholesterol typically refers to LDL (low-density lipoprotein), which deposits cholesterol in the walls of blood vessels.

Choice D:

"Lifestyle" is not a term used to categorize cholesterol.

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Question 3:

The physician tells the nurse an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor has been ordered. What is another name for the type of drug?

A. A fibric acid B. A bile acid resin C. An omega-3 fatty acid D. A statin

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Fibric acids are a different class of lipid-lowering agents.

Choice B:

Bile acid resins are another class of drugs used to lower cholesterol but work differently.

Choice C:

Omega-3 fatty acids are used to lower triglycerides and improve heart health but are not HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Choice D:

Statins are drugs that inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is crucial in the synthesis of cholesterol, thereby lowering cholesterol levels.

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Question 4:

Which of the following classes of medication decreases heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure, and is used to increase survival rates in post-myocardial infarction patients?

A. ACE inhibitors B. Vasodilators C. Beta blockers D. Diuretics

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

ACE inhibitors primarily affect blood pressure and heart remodeling but do not directly decrease heart rate or contractility.

Choice B:

Vasodilators mainly lower blood pressure by expanding blood vessels and do not primarily affect heart rate or contractility.

Choice C:

Beta blockers decrease heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure, and are specifically used to improve survival after a heart attack by reducing the heart's workload and oxygen demand.

Choice D:

Diuretics primarily reduce blood pressure by decreasing blood volume but do not directly decrease heart rate or contractility.

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Question 5:

A client asks the nurse to explain the difference between stable and unstable angina.
What is the best response by the nurse?

A. "Stable angina is predictable in its frequency, intensity, and duration. Unstable angina is when angina episodes become more frequent or severe, and occur during periods of rest.” B. "Unstable angina is predictable in its frequency, intensity, and duration. Stable angina is when angina episodes become more frequent or severe, and occur during periods of rest.” C. "Stable angina is caused by spasms of the coronary arteries. Unstable angina is when angina episodes become more frequent or severe, and occur during periods of rest.” D. "Unstable angina is caused by spasms of the coronary arteries. Stable angina is when angina episodes become more frequent or severe, and occur during period of rest."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Stable angina is predictable and typically occurs with exertion or emotional stress and is relieved with rest or nitroglycerin. Unstable angina is less predictable and more serious, occurring at rest, with minimal exertion, or worsening pattern from stable angina.

Choice B:

This answer misrepresents the characteristics and causes of stable and unstable angina, mixing definitions or incorrectly assigning causes.

Choice C:

This answer misrepresents the characteristics and causes of stable and unstable angina, mixing definitions or incorrectly assigning causes.

Choice D:

This answer misrepresents the characteristics and causes of stable and unstable angina, mixing definitions or incorrectly assigning causes.

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Question 6:

The nurse is describing angina to a family member of a client recently diagnosed with the condition. Which characterization of angina is the most appropriate?

A. Slow heart rate and difficulty standing B. Chest pain on physical exertion or emotional stress C. Sudden weakness with severe headache D. Difficulty breathing and increased temperature

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Slow heart rate and difficulty standing are not typical symptoms of angina.

Choice B:

Chest pain that occurs on physical exertion or emotional stress is the classic symptom of angina, caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.

Choice C:

Sudden weakness with a severe headache could suggest other medical issues such as a stroke, not angina.

Choice D:

Difficulty breathing and increased temperature are not specific to angina and could indicate other health problems like infection or respiratory issues.

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Question 7:

An older patient has a prescription for sertraline (Zoloft) 25 mg/day, P O. to be taken for 1 week and then increased to 50 mg/day the second week. The pharmacy gives the patient 50-mg tablets. How many tablets will the patient take per day during the first week?

A. One and one-half tablets B. One-quarter of the tablet C. One tablet D. Half tablet

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

One and one-half tablets would exceed the prescribed dose.

Choice B:

One-quarter of a tablet would be 12.5 mg, which is less than the prescribed 25 mg.

Choice C:

One tablet would provide 50 mg, which is double the prescribed dose for the first week.

Choice D:

Half a tablet of a 50 mg tablet would correctly provide the 25 mg dose prescribed for the first week.

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Question 8:

Which of the following drug classes does isosorbide (Isordil) belong to?

A. Beta blockers B. Nitrates C. Calcium channel blockers D. Glycoprotein lib/lla receptor antagonists

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Beta blockers are used to manage blood pressure and heart rate but are a different class.

Choice B:

Isosorbide is a nitrate, which is used primarily to treat and prevent episodes of angina by relaxing and widening blood vessels.

Choice C:

Calcium channel blockers also manage blood pressure and chest pain but act through a different mechanism.

Choice D:

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists are used to prevent platelet aggregation and are typically used in acute coronary syndrome, not as a long-term treatment for angina.

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Question 9:

The nurse has just completed medication teaching regarding medications used to treat high cholesterol. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

A. “I can eat any food I want as long as I take my medications." B. "A low-fat diet needs to be followed even with medications to treat high cholesterol." C. "I should take my medications every day." D. "I need to call the physician if I experience severe muscle weakness."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

This statement is incorrect and indicates a misunderstanding, as diet plays a crucial role in managing cholesterol levels alongside medication.

Choice B:

This statement is accurate and shows an understanding of the need to combine diet with medication.

Choice C:

This is correct and indicates proper understanding of medication adherence.

Choice D:

This is a correct understanding of the importance of monitoring for potential side effects of cholesterol-lowering medications, such as statins.

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Question 10:

The patient is being discharged with nitroglycerin (Nitrostat). Patient education would include instructions to:

A. "Place three tablets under your tongue, and call 911." B. “Swallow three tablets immediately for pain, and call 911.” C. "For chest pain, put one tablet under your tongue every 5 minutes; taking no more than a total of three tablets." D. "Call your healthcare provider when you have chest pain. The provider will tell you how many tablets to take."

Answer and Explanation

Choice A:

Placing three tablets under the tongue at once is not the recommended initial dosing for nitroglycerin.

Choice B:

Nitroglycerin tablets should not be swallowed; they are meant to be taken sublingually (under the tongue) for quick absorption.

Choice C:

This is the correct instruction, reflecting the standard protocol for acute angina treatment with nitroglycerin: one tablet under the tongue every 5 minutes as needed, with no more than three tablets in 15 minutes. If pain persists, it is advised to call emergency services.

Choice D:

This instruction is inappropriate as it delays immediate treatment for chest pain, which can be critical in the event of acute angina or a heart attack.

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Total Questions : 67

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ATI Pharmacology Quiz 240

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