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Trust versus mistrust, Erikson's first psychosocial stage (0–1 year), focuses on developing trust in caregivers for basic needs. Failure leads to fear and suspicion, not feelings of worthlessness or insignificance. These symptoms do not align with the adult’s statements about opinions not counting, making this choice scientifically inaccurate for the described crisis.

Autonomy versus shame and doubt, Erikson’s second stage (1–3 years), involves gaining independence in actions like self-care. Failure results in shame and self-doubt about autonomy, not a broader sense of worthlessness or lack of influence. This stage is unrelated to the adult’s expressed feelings, rendering this choice incorrect.

Initiative versus guilt, the third stage (3–6 years), centers on initiating activities and asserting control. Failure leads to guilt over actions, not a diminished sense of self-worth or influence. The adult’s statements reflect identity struggles, not guilt from initiative, so this choice does not fit the psychosocial crisis described.

Describing consequences of actions indicates cognitive awareness and problem-solving skills, but it does not directly reflect a healthy self-concept. Self-concept involves self-perception, esteem, and a balanced view of strengths and limitations. This choice focuses on behavioral outcomes, not internal self-worth, making it an inadequate indicator of the goal.

Perceiving oneself as always capable of achieving goals suggests overconfidence or grandiosity, which can indicate a maladaptive self-concept, potentially linked to narcissistic traits. A healthy self-concept involves realistic self-assessment, acknowledging both strengths and limitations. This choice reflects an unbalanced view, making it incorrect for the goal of a healthy self-concept.

Meeting own needs without regard for others’ rights suggests selfishness or lack of empathy, indicative of a maladaptive self-concept. A healthy self-concept includes respect for social boundaries and reciprocity, which this choice violates. It reflects a self-centered approach, not a balanced or healthy self-perception, making it incorrect.

Fraudulent bankruptcy is a legal or ethical violation, not a psychiatric emergency. Involuntary hospitalization requires evidence of imminent danger to self or others due to a mental disorder. This behavior, while illegal, does not inherently indicate a mental health crisis necessitating forced psychiatric intervention, making this choice incorrect.

Selling and distributing illegal drugs is a criminal act, not necessarily linked to a mental health crisis requiring involuntary hospitalization. While substance use disorders may involve psychiatric issues, this behavior alone does not demonstrate imminent danger due to mental illness, making it inappropriate for forced treatment.

Noncompliance with treatment, while concerning, does not inherently indicate imminent danger or severe mental instability requiring involuntary hospitalization. It may reflect patient autonomy or other factors, not acute psychiatric risk. This choice fails to meet the legal or clinical threshold for forced admission, making it incorrect.

Asking if the client felt this way before hospitalization focuses on past feelings, which may not address the current emotional state or therapeutic needs. While it gathers history, it lacks empathy and does not encourage the client to elaborate on their current concerns, making it less therapeutic.

Suggesting the client discuss concerns later with a doctor dismisses their current emotional state, potentially undermining trust in the nurse-client relationship. It avoids immediate engagement and fails to address the client’s feelings, which is critical in psychiatric care, making this response non-therapeutic and incorrect.

Labeling the client’s statement as inappropriate is judgmental and dismissive, hindering therapeutic communication. It may increase the client’s sense of alienation or shame, contrary to psychiatric nursing goals of building trust and validating feelings. This response is non-therapeutic and does not support the client’s emotional needs.

While zolpidem may cause daytime drowsiness, this is not the primary nursing consideration compared to fall risk in the elderly. Drowsiness is a general side effect, but the elderly’s heightened vulnerability to falls due to sedation and impaired coordination takes precedence, making this choice less critical.

Zolpidem has a lower dependence risk than benzodiazepines, and dependence is not inevitable. This assumption overstates the risk and is not the primary nursing consideration. Fall prevention, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly, is more urgent due to immediate safety concerns, making this choice incorrect.

Zolpidem induces sedation rapidly, typically within 15–30 minutes, not requiring 4 weeks. This choice is factually incorrect, as prolonged use is not necessary for efficacy. The primary concern is immediate side effects like falls, not a delayed onset, making this an invalid nursing consideration.

Hypoglycemia is unrelated to MAOIs, which primarily affect neurotransmitter metabolism, not glucose regulation. MAOIs do not interact with insulin or glucose pathways, and dietary restrictions focus on tyramine, not sugars. This condition is not a risk associated with MAOI use, making this choice incorrect.

Hypotensive shock is not a primary risk of MAOIs. While orthostatic hypotension can occur, the more critical concern is hypertensive crisis due to tyramine interactions. Hypotensive shock is unrelated to MAOI pharmacology or dietary restrictions, making this an incorrect choice for nursing instructions.

Cardiac dysrhythmias are not a primary risk of MAOI-related food or drug interactions. While cardiovascular effects like hypertension can occur, the specific risk is hypertensive crisis, not arrhythmias. This choice does not accurately reflect the primary concern of MAOI use, making it incorrect.

Role modeling involves demonstrating positive behaviors for others to emulate, often used in social learning. It does not involve applying negative stimuli like bitter substances to deter behaviors. Nail-biting treatment requires a direct intervention to discourage the habit, making this choice scientifically inappropriate.

Milieu therapy focuses on creating a therapeutic environment to promote mental health, not targeting specific behaviors like nail-biting. It involves group dynamics and structured settings, not aversive stimuli. This approach is unrelated to the described intervention, making this choice incorrect.

Desensitization therapy gradually exposes individuals to anxiety-provoking stimuli to reduce fear, commonly used for phobias. It does not involve aversive stimuli to deter behaviors like nail-biting. This therapy is unrelated to the described intervention, making it an incorrect choice for this scenario.

A 20-year-old with court-ordered treatment lacks the legal right to refuse, as a court mandate overrides autonomy due to assessed risk or incapacity. Legal frameworks prioritize compliance in such cases to ensure safety and treatment efficacy, making this choice incorrect.

A 35-year-old involuntarily admitted client cannot refuse treatment, as involuntary admission indicates a legal determination of danger or incapacity. Mental health laws prioritize intervention over autonomy in these cases to protect the client or others, making this choice incorrect.

An adult refusing life-threatening treatment may face legal restrictions, as mental health laws can override refusal if the client poses a danger or lacks capacity. This scenario does not clearly grant a legal right to refuse, unlike voluntary admission, making this choice incorrect.

Alienation from family corresponds to Maslow’s love and belonging needs, a third-level priority. While important for mental health, it is less urgent than physiological needs like nutrition and hygiene, which are foundational for survival and stability, making this choice lower priority in care planning.

Reluctance to participate in group therapy relates to esteem or belonging needs, lower in Maslow’s hierarchy. While social engagement aids mental health, it is not as urgent as physiological needs, which underpin survival and basic functioning, making this choice a lower priority in care planning.

Anxiety about social situations aligns with safety or belonging needs, secondary to physiological requirements. While anxiety impacts mental health, it is less critical than ensuring basic survival needs like food and hygiene, which take precedence in Maslow’s framework, making this choice incorrect.

Occasional sleeplessness and anxiety are common stress responses and do not necessarily indicate mental illness. These symptoms may reflect temporary issues rather than a diagnosable psychiatric condition, lacking specificity for severe mental illness compared to reality-testing deficits, making this choice incorrect.

Uncertainty about job changes reflects normal decision-making stress, not a mental illness. It lacks specificity for psychiatric conditions, as it is a common life concern. This choice does not indicate a significant mental health impairment compared to reality-testing issues, making it incorrect.

Sadness and low mood may suggest depression, but they are less specific than psychotic symptoms like reality distortion. These feelings can occur in non-clinical contexts, making them less definitive for mental illness compared to inability to discern reality, rendering this choice incorrect.